Care for Diabetics Flashcards
What are the three p’s of Type 1 diabetes?
Polydipsia - excessive thirst
Polyphagia - excessive hunger
Polyuria - excessive urination
What should a fasting blood glucose be?
Normal < 126 mg/dl
Casual blood glucose
Normal < 200 mg/dL
Rapid: insulin lispro (Novolog) peak and duration
Onset: 15 min
Peaks: 1 hour
Duration: 2-4 hours
Regular/Short: human regular (Novalin R/ Humalin R) Peak and duration
Onset: 30-60 min
Peak: 2-6 hrs
Duration 3-8 hours
Intermediate: NPH (Humalin N) peak and duration
Onset: 2-4 hours
Peak: 4-10 hours
Duration 10-20 hours
Long: insulin glargine (Lantus) peak and duration
Onset: 70 min
DOES NOT PEAK
Duration: 24 hours
t/f: you can give insulin without checking blood glucose
FALSE, always check glucose level
what is hypoglycemia
blood sugar less than 70, can still have symptoms even if blood sugar is > 70
rule of 15
if sugar is low give 15 g of simple carbohydrates (only to patients who are conscious and can swallow), blood sugar should increase by 50 mg/dL
if stil < 70 give 15 more grams
if patient is unconsious or unable to swallow and has low blood sugar…
give IM glucagon or IV D50
what does a person look like who is hyperglycemic?
weakness, fatigue, blurry vision, headache
Macrovascular complications
damage to large vessels:
coronary arteries, peripheral vascular, cerebral vascular
microvascular
damage to capillaries:
retinophathies (eyes), nephropathies (kidneys) , neuropathies (nerve damage)
diabetic foot care
wash feet daily with mild soap and warm water
pat feet dry
inspect feet DAILY
use lanolin to prevent dry skin
do not use commercial remedies to remove calluses
clean cuts with mild soap and water, don’t use iodine, alcohol or adhesives
report skin infections
trim nails
separate overlapping toes with cotton
do not go barefoot, wear open toe, or open heel or plastic
wear shoes with soles and shake out before wearing
clean, absorbent socks
no hot water bottles
