CKD

Question 1

Statin examples

Answer 1

Simvastatin, atorvastatin

Question 2

simvastatin prim mech

Answer 2

HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor (competitive)
= stops conversion to mevalonate = less cholesterol synthesis = more LDL receptors to increase hepatic LDL cholesterol uptake

Question 3

atorvastatin drug target

Answer 3

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Question 4

statins main side effects

Answer 4

muscle toxicity, GI symptoms (constipation/diarrhoea)

Question 5

Aspirin prim mech/ drug target

Answer 5

COX2 inhibitor (NSAID) (cyclo-oxygenase 2)

Question 6

how does aspirin reduce pain and fever

Answer 6

inhibiting COX2 enzyme stops oxidation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins.
less thromboxane A2 reduces platelet aggregation
Reduces PGE2 in 2 places: at sensory neurones stops pain reception and sensation and in brain to reduce fever

Question 7

Aspirin side effects

Answer 7

Dyspepsia
Haemorrhage
In the elderly, avoid doses greater than 160mg daily (increased risk of bleeding) and coadminister PPI if past history of peptic ulcer.

Question 8

Trimethoprim target

Answer 8

dihydrofolate reductase

Question 9

trimethoprim prim mech

Answer 9

inhibition of enzyme stops activation of acid required for bacteria to produce purines for DNA synthesis and protein production

Question 10

trimethoprim side effects

Answer 10

diarrhoea + skin reaction

Question 11

Gentamicin drug target

Answer 11

30s ribosomal subunit

Question 12

gentamicin prim mch

Answer 12

binds to ribosome = dysfunctional protein formation as mRNA cant be translated properly

Question 13

gentamicin side effects

Answer 13

Ototoxicity (ear damage) and nephrotoxicity are important side effects to consider.