Muscle balance, opposing muscles!

Question 1

NECK

flexion and extension

Answer 1

deep necck flexors oppose posterior extensors

Question 2

Neck

rotation

Answer 2

sternocleidomastoid, levator scapula, splenius capitus, splenius cervical and cervical ES are opposed by the same muscles on the opposite side

Question 3

Neck

lateral flexion

Answer 3

Scalenes, splenius capitus and the ES are opposed by the same
muscles on the opposite side

Question 4

Scapula

elevation and depression

Answer 4

Upper trapezius oppose the lower trapezius

Question 5

Scapula

retraction and protraction

Answer 5

Rhomboids oppose pectoralis minor

Question 6

Shoulder

flexion and extension

Answer 6

Anterior and middle deltoid, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis
and long head of biceps oppose latissimus dorsi, posterior and
middle deltoid, teres minor, and triceps

Question 7

Shoulder

Abduction/adduction

Answer 7

Deltoid (anterior and middle) oppose the latissimus dorsi and
pectoralis major

Question 8

Shoulder

ER/IR:

Answer 8

Infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid oppose

subscapularis and teres major and anterior deltoid

Question 9

Elbow

Flexion/extension:

Answer 9

Brachialis, biceps and brachioradialis oppose triceps

Question 10

Elbow

Supination/pronation:

Answer 10

Supinator and partly biceps oppose pronator quadratus and

pronator teres

Question 11

Hand and Wrist

Flexion/extension:

Answer 11

Flexor carpi radialis, lefxor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus
oppose extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis
brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum

Question 12

Hand and Wrist

UD/RD:

Answer 12

Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris oppose extensor
carpi radialis longus and brevis, flexor carpi radialis, abductor
policis longus, and extensor policis brevis and longus

Question 13

Lumbar Spine

Flexion/extension:

Answer 13

Rectus abdominus, internal oliques, external obliques, psoas
major oppose longissimus, Iliocostalis, spinalis, multifidus,
quadratus lumborum, interspinalis lumborum, and
intertransversarii

Question 14

Lumbar Spine

Rotation:

Answer 14

Internal oblique, external oblique, illiocostalis, multifidus and the
rotatores are opposed by the same muscles on the opposite
side

Question 15

Lumbar spine

Lateral flexion

Answer 15

Quadratus lumborum, iliocostalis, longissimus, multifidus, and
the intertransversarii are opposed by the same muscles on the
opposite side

Question 16

What are the four main muscle groups in opposition in the pelvis?

Answer 16

1. Erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, and other posterior back muscles attached to
   the posterior superior part of the pelvis, exert an upward pull posteriorly
2. The anterior abdominals, especially the rectus abdominis with its insertion on the
   symphysis pubis and the external oblique with attachment on the anterior iliac crest,
   exert an upwards pull anteriorly
3. The gluteus maximus and hamstrings, with fasciae latae, and sartorius with
   attachments on the posterior Ilium, sacrum, and ischium, exert a downward pull
   posteriorly
4. The hip flexors, including the rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, and sartorius with
   attachments on the anterior superior and inferior spines of the Ilium, and the Iliopsoas
   with attachment on the lumbar spine and inner surface of the Ilium, exert a downward
   pull anteriorly

Question 17

Hip

Flexion/extension:

Answer 17

Psoas major, iliacus, iliopsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae
latae, and sartorius oppose gluteus maximus, hamstrings and
adductor magnus

Question 18

Hip

Abduction/adduction:

Answer 18

Gluteus medius and minimus, tensor fasciae latae and sartorius
oppose adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus,
pectineus and gracilis

Question 19

Hip

ER/IR:

Answer 19

Posterior gluteus medius, piriformis, obturator internus and
externus, quadratus femoris, and the gemelli oppose tensor
fascia latae, anterior gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Question 20

Knee

Flexion/extension:

Answer 20

Hamstrings, gastrocnemius and popliteus oppose quadriceps

Question 21

Foot

Anteroposterior

Answer 21

Dorsiflexors oppose plantar flexors.

Question 22

Foot

Lateral and rotary:

Answer 22

Tibials oppose peroneals.