Respiratory Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 types of emboli

A

Blood clot, fat, amniotic, air

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2
Q

What are risk factors for PE?

A

Previous DVT, surgery within last 4 weeks, current estrogen use, active or metastatic CA, recent travel with relative immobility, IV drug use, advanced age, smoking, hypercoagulable state

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3
Q

What are tools to determine probability of PE?

A

Wells Score, PERC

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4
Q

What are common clinical manifestations of PE?

A

Sudden shortness of breath, tachypnea, tachycardia

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5
Q

What labs/imaging should you anticipate to evaluate for PE?

A

D-dimer, BNP, chest x-ray, ekg, CT/MRI/VQ scan, echocardiogram

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6
Q

What interventions should you anticipate for pulmonary embolism?

A

Supplemental oxygen, anticoagulants, fibrinolytics/thrombolytics, IV fluids, vasopressors

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7
Q

What is acute bronchitis?

A

Viral inflammation of the upper airways

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8
Q

What are common clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis?

A

dry, hacking non-productive cough that progresses to productive, exacerbated cough at night, pleuritic chest pain, cough usually lasts greater than 5 days

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9
Q

What labs/imaging should you anticipate for acute bronchitis?

A

CXR to r/o pneumonia

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10
Q

What interventions should you anticipate for acute bronchitis?

A

Cough medicine, humidification, bronchodilators, corticosteroids

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11
Q

What is bronchiolitis

A

Clinical syndrome in children under 2 years of age

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12
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

URI with progressive dyspnea, poor feeding, tachypnea, gruning, nasal flaring, retractions, wheezes

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13
Q

What labs/imaging should you anticipate for bronchiolitis?

A
Nasopharygeal culture (influenza, RSV)
CXR to r/o pneumonia
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14
Q

What interventions should you anticipate for bronciolitis?

A

Suction nares, supplemental oxygen, can try bronchodilators, possible admission

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15
Q

What are clinical manifestations of pneumonia?

A

Fever, pleuritic chest pain referred to diaphragm, productive cough, tachypnea, tachycardia, decreased breath sounds, possible pleural friction rub, hyporesonance, increased fremitus over the affected area

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16
Q

What labs/imaging should you anticipate to evaluate pneumonia?

A

Increased WBCs, CXR, blood cultures

17
Q

What interventions are expected for pneumonia?

A

Home with abx, bronchodilators, push fluids or admit with IV abx, IV fluids, oxygen support, bronchodilators