Respiratory Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are 4 types of emboli
Blood clot, fat, amniotic, air
What are risk factors for PE?
Previous DVT, surgery within last 4 weeks, current estrogen use, active or metastatic CA, recent travel with relative immobility, IV drug use, advanced age, smoking, hypercoagulable state
What are tools to determine probability of PE?
Wells Score, PERC
What are common clinical manifestations of PE?
Sudden shortness of breath, tachypnea, tachycardia
What labs/imaging should you anticipate to evaluate for PE?
D-dimer, BNP, chest x-ray, ekg, CT/MRI/VQ scan, echocardiogram
What interventions should you anticipate for pulmonary embolism?
Supplemental oxygen, anticoagulants, fibrinolytics/thrombolytics, IV fluids, vasopressors
What is acute bronchitis?
Viral inflammation of the upper airways
What are common clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis?
dry, hacking non-productive cough that progresses to productive, exacerbated cough at night, pleuritic chest pain, cough usually lasts greater than 5 days
What labs/imaging should you anticipate for acute bronchitis?
CXR to r/o pneumonia
What interventions should you anticipate for acute bronchitis?
Cough medicine, humidification, bronchodilators, corticosteroids
What is bronchiolitis
Clinical syndrome in children under 2 years of age
What are some signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis?
URI with progressive dyspnea, poor feeding, tachypnea, gruning, nasal flaring, retractions, wheezes
What labs/imaging should you anticipate for bronchiolitis?
Nasopharygeal culture (influenza, RSV) CXR to r/o pneumonia
What interventions should you anticipate for bronciolitis?
Suction nares, supplemental oxygen, can try bronchodilators, possible admission
What are clinical manifestations of pneumonia?
Fever, pleuritic chest pain referred to diaphragm, productive cough, tachypnea, tachycardia, decreased breath sounds, possible pleural friction rub, hyporesonance, increased fremitus over the affected area
