Lines of Evidence for Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

evolution

A

the change in a species over time; the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors

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2
Q

homologous structure

A

a body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions

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3
Q

analogous structure

A

a body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different

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4
Q

vestigial structure

A

remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor

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5
Q

cladogram

A

a diagram based on patterns of shared traits or inherited characteristics

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6
Q

derived characters

A

a derived character is one that evolved in the lineage leading up to a clade and that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals

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7
Q

taxonomic classification

A

is the scientific classification of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.

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8
Q

expression

A

the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that ultimately affects a characteristic of an organism.

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9
Q

phenotype

A

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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10
Q

genotype

A

A genotype is an individual’s collection of genes. The term also can refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene.

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11
Q

allele

A

one of two or more versions of a gene. An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.

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12
Q

DNA

A

organic chemical of complex molecular structure that is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses

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13
Q

mutation

A

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations

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14
Q

fossil

A

a trace of an organism from the distant past preserved in rock

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15
Q

clade

A

a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a common ancestor,

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16
Q

index fossil

A

a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it found

17
Q

Hox genes

A

genes that play a key role in controlling the body plan of a developing organism