Mendel and Heredity

Question 1

trait

Answer 1

a characteristic that is inherited

Question 2

genetic cross

Answer 2

the purposeful mating of two individuals resulting in the combination of genetic material in the offspring.

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

specific region of DNA that codes for a particiular protein; part of DNA that controls inherited traits

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

one of two or more versions of DNA sequence

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

a complete set of genetic material of an organism

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 7

dominant trait

Answer 7

an inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele.

Question 8

recessive trait

Answer 8

a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles, or forms of a gene.

Question 9

offspring

Answer 9

the product of the reproductive processes of a person, animal, or plant

Question 10

generation

Answer 10

a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor.

Question 11

probability

Answer 11

is the chance that a given outcome will occur.

Question 12

homozygous

Answer 12

having two alleles that are the same for a particular gene

Question 13

heterozygous

Answer 13

having two different alleles of a particular gene

Question 14

chromosome

Answer 14

threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.