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Nervous System > Loss of Vision > Flashcards

Loss of Vision Flashcards

1
Q

What should be asked in the history for vision loss?

A

Unilateral/bilateral

Onset - sudden/gradual (over what period of time)

Type of visual loss - blurred/distorted/black

Any associated symptoms (such as pain, redness, discharge)

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2
Q

What examinations are done for vision loss?

A

Best corrected visual acuity

Snellen chart

Fundal examination (direct opthalmoscope slit lamp and volk lens)

Ancilary tests (amsler chart, colour vision, visual field assessment, flurescein angiography, optical coherence tomography)

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3
Q

What are the different categories of vision loss?

A

Sudden complete loss of vision (vascular)

Gradual loss of vision

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4
Q

What are examples of sudden complete loss of vision (vascular)?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

Central retinal vein occlusion

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

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5
Q

What are examples of conditions that cause gradual loss of vision?

A

Cataract

Glaucoma

Age related macular degeneration

Diabetic retinopathy

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6
Q

What is the management of central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Identify and treat risk factors

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7
Q

What is the management of central retinal vein occlusion?

A

Identify and treat risk factors

Intravitral anti Vegf

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8
Q

What are different kinds of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Arteritic (gian cell arteritic)

Non arteritic

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9
Q

What are symptoms of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Loss of vision

Headache

Loss of appetite

Scalp tenderness

Pain on chewing

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10
Q

What are signs of arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Tenderness of superficial temporal arteries

Raised inflammatory markers

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11
Q

What is the management of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

High dose systemic steroids

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12
Q

What is the management of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Identify and treat risk factors

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13
Q

What are signs of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

None really, it is painless

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14
Q

What is cataract?

A

Gradual opacification of the lens

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15
Q

What are symptoms of cataract?

A

Loss of vision

Dazzle/glare

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16
Q

What is the management of cataract?

A

Surgery (phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implant)

17
Q

What is Glaucoma?

A

Optic neuropathy with typical optic nerve damage and associated visual field changes usually associated with raised intraocular pressure

18
Q

How can different glaucomas be classified?

A

Open or closed angle

Chronic or acute

19
Q

What are symptoms of glaucoma?

A

Asymptomatic

Gradual loss of peripheral field of vision

20
Q

What are signs for chronic glaucoma?

A

Raised intraocular pressure

Visual field defects

21
Q

What is the management for chronic glaucoma?

A

Topical treatment

Surgery (trabeculetomy)

22
Q

What is a trabeculetomy?

A

Surgical procedure that lowers the intraocular pressure inside the eye

23
Q

What is age related macular degeneration?

A

Small central portion of the retina, the macula, wears down

24
Q

What does AMD stand for?

A

Age related macular degeneration

25
Q

What are the different kinds of age related macular degeneration (AMD)?

A

Dry AMD (90%)

Wet (neovascular) AMD (10%)

26
Q

What are symptoms of age related macular degeneration (AMD)?

A

Progressive loss of central vision

Distorsion

27
Q

What are signs of age related macular degeneration (AMD)?

A

Distortion on amsler chart

Drusen

Pigment epithelial changes

28
Q

What are symptoms of dry AMD?

A

Drusen

Atrophy

29
Q

What does atrophy mean?

A

Wasting away

30
Q

What is drusen?

A

Yellow deposits under the retina

31
Q

What is the management of dry AMD?

A

Low vision aids

Registration

32
Q

What are symptoms of wet AMD?

A

Choroidal new vessels

33
Q

What are investigations of wet AMD?

A

OCT

Flurescein angiography

34
Q

What is the management of wet AMD?

A

Intravitral antivegf

Low vision aids

Registration

35
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy?

A

Complication of diabetes caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the retina

36
Q

What is the commonest cause of visual impairment in the working age population?

A

Diabetic retinopathy

37
Q

What are signs of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Microaneurysms

Retinal haemorrhages and exudates

Neovascularisation (disc/retina)

38
Q

What investigations are done for diabetic retinopathy?

A

Flurescein angiography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT)

39
Q

What is the mangement of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Intravitreal antivegf

Laser (panretinal photocoagulation)

Low vision aids

Registration

Nervous System (48 decks)

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