Liberalism & Nationalism

Question 1

Why was the congress of Vienna considered succesful?

Answer 1

It succeeded since there was no major European war for 35 years (the longest peace in Europe for centuries). Also, since France was not heavily punished, it did not seek revenge on the other countries.

Question 2

What 2 new movements were ignored by the congress?

Answer 2

Liberalism and Nationalism

Question 3

What is liberalism and who did it emerge from?

Answer 3

It is an ideology that emerged from the ideas of

John Locke and French enlightened thinkers.

Question 4

What had political liberalism previously Influenced?

Answer 4

American war of Independence and French Revolution

Question 5

What did liberism emphasise?

Answer 5

It emphasised individual freedoms, and represented interests of the bourgeoisie.

Question 6

What concept is liberalism based on?

Answer 6

It is based on the concept that society is made up of free citizens who have fundamental rights and liberties which must be guaranteed by the state.

Question 7

What are basic principles of liberalism?

Answer 7

National sovereignity, Constitutional Monarchy, Separation of Power, Limited Suffrage, Individual Liberties and Free Market economy

Question 8

What is National sovereignity?

Answer 8

Citizens possess national choose representatives by voting. These representatives make up political parties

Question 9

What is Constitutional Monarchy?

Answer 9

Monarch becomes representative of the nation and the constitutions establishes the rights and duties of citizens.

Question 10

What is Separation of Power?

Answer 10

3 Separate branches of power to avoid tyranny: Executive, Legislative and Judicial.

Question 11

What is Limited Suffrage?

Answer 11

Male property owners. (limited because women could not own property)

Question 12

What is Individual Liberties?

Answer 12

right to property. Freedom of the press, association, expression and religion

Question 13

What is Free Market economy?

Answer 13

State cannot interfere in market economy.

Question 14

What is Nationalism?

Answer 14

Most powerful idea of 1800s. Its influence stretched throughout Europe and America. It shaped countries by creating new ones or breaking old ones.

Question 15

What did Nationalism Advocate?

Answer 15

It advocated the right of people who defined themselves as nations to establish
their own independent states.

Question 16

What is a nation?

Answer 16

It can be defined as a group of individuals who have

a set of their own cultural ties and choose to live together.

Question 17

What is a state?

Answer 17

Political and administrative organization that exercises power over a specific territory.

Question 18

Who were nationalists loyal to?

Answer 18

Not to kings, but to their people, to those who shared common bonds.

Question 19

What did nationalists believe?

Answer 19

They believed that people of a single “nationality” should unite under a single government.

Question 20

What are 3 types of nationalist movements?

Answer 20

Unification, Separation, State-building

Question 21

Explain Unification with examples

Answer 21

Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands (19th Century Germany & 19th Century Italy)

Question 22

Explain Separation with examples

Answer 22

Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away. (Greeks in Ottoman Empire, French-Speaking Canadians)

Question 23

Explain State-Building with examples

Answer 23

Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting single culture. (United States, Turkey)