Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is the full name of ATP

Answer 1

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 2

What are the 4 major energy requirements of the cell?

Answer 2

• for mechanical work (motor proteins)
• To make new materials (growth and replacement)
• For transport (molecules across membranes)
• To maintain order

Question 3

What is the site of cellular respiration?

Answer 3

Mitochondria

Question 4

What is the cellular respiration equation?

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + 602 —-> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

Question 5

What are the basic facts about the mitochondrion? (3)

Answer 5

• 1-10μm long
• 1-1000’s per cell
• Contains mitochondrial DNA + Ribosomes

Question 6

What is the structure of the Mitochondrion?

Answer 6

• has inner and outer membranes
• mitochondrial matrix is inside inner membrane
• Inner membrane highly folded (cristae) (functionally important)
• has an inter-membrane space ( functionally important)

Question 7

What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 7

• Glycolysis
• Pyruvate oxidation + Citric acid cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 8

In the cytosol

Question 9

What happens during glycolysis? What is generated during this process?

Answer 9

• glucose is converted into 2 pyruvate molecules
• generates 2 ATP
• generates 2 high energy electrons which are transferred to the electron carrier NAD+ making NADH

Question 10

Where does pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle occur?

Answer 10

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 11

What occurs during pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle?

Answer 11

• oxidation of pyruvate produces 2 Acetyl CoA + 2 NADH + CO2
• Acetyl CoA enters citric acid cycle
• This produces 2 ATP + 6NADH + 2FADH2 (lower energy electron carrier)
  + 2CO2

Question 12

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 12

Inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Question 13

What are the two parts of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 13

• electron transport

- Chemiosmosis

Question 14

What occurs during the electron transport chain?

Answer 14

• Electron carriers NADH and FADH2 shuttle high energy electrons to the inner mitochondrial membrane
• Electrons move through 4 main protein complexes embedded in plasma membrane
• The electrons lose energy and it is used to pump protons into the inter-membrane space to create proton gradient
• Protons accumulation in inter-membrane space is crucial for next step

Question 15

What occurs during chemiosmosis

Answer 15

• ATP synthase is a protein embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane that spans from inter-membrane space to mitochondrial matrix
• the protein gradient powers ATP synthesis
• ATP synthase converts ADP+ P ——> ATP