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IBD General Certificate > Unit 5 - Lesson 2 - Batch Pot Distillation > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Lesson 2 - Batch Pot Distillation Flashcards

1
Q

What are pot still spirits typically?

A 
Brandy
Tequila
Vodka
Rum
Gin
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2
Q

What is the basic aim of pot distillation?

A

Raise the wash temp via thermal energy
Recover volatile components
Leaving less volatile components and residual in the pot.

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3
Q

What are the 3 goals of a spirits producers?

A
  1. Recover max alcohol from wash (efficient/Economic)
  2. Collect positive congers
  3. Raise ABV to 60% or more
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4
Q

Basic pot still setup

A
  1. Thermal power
  2. Pot
  3. Vapor Pipe
  4. Condensing System
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5
Q

One challenge for pot still vapor collection?

A

All vapor is recovered as one distillate - system cannot separate as a column can

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6
Q

What is typically left in a single pot distillation?

A

Ethyl and Ethanol with both high and low volatile compounds (not desirable)
Does not have the power or rectification so requires a redistill

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7
Q

What are the two major condensing systems

A

Worm / Worm Tube

Shell and Tube Condenser

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8
Q

What is a worm tube?

A

A copper coil of diminishing diameter in a water tub
Cools and condenses the spirit and drops into a recovery system eg spirit safe
VERY TRADITIONAL

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9
Q

What is the pros / cons copper coils in a Worm Tube?

A

Pro - Produces richer and heavier spirit than shell/tube condenser
Con
1. High temp swings = strain on tubes
2. Leaks hard to detect
3. Expensive to repair
4. Unique design and specific manufacturing to site
5. Monitoring liquid into tubs

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10
Q

What is a shell and tube condenser?

A

Vertical condenser made of copper
Bundled tubes
Hot vapor over Baffle Plates on outside of tubes

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11
Q

Advantage of Shell and Tube Condenser?

A
  1. cheaper maintenance
  2. Less water
  3. Efficient
  4. Preferred method now
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12
Q

When is heat recover important?

A

Distillations where the fermented liquor leaving fermentation is at around 34°C

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13
Q

What is the 1st still wash called?

A

Beer Still or Wash

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14
Q

How does two stage pot distillation work?

A

2 stills. 1st distilling pot is usually bigger.

2nd pot takes the Low Wine which has less volume

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15
Q

What is the 2nd spirits still called?

A

Low Wine Still

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16
Q

What types of spirits require 2 stage pots?

A

Pot Whisky
Rum
Brandies,
Tequlia

17
Q

What spirits dont require 2 stage pot distill?

A

Gin and vodka as they start with 96% ABV

18
Q

What is an average distillation feed ABV?

A

8% ABV

19
Q

For 2-Stage Pot Still, what is the typically the average intermediate spirit or “low wine”?

A

22-24% ABV

And remaining liquid 1% ABV

20
Q

How do distillers cut from the 2nd stage pot distillation?

A

Use a spirits safe

21
Q

What is a mist test?

A

Use in cutting where water is added 50/50 ration

If mixture is hazy then there are still heavy components to remove from foreshots

22
Q

What are the 3 distillers cuts?

A
  1. Heads, 1st Running or Foreshots
  2. Hearts or Center Cut
  3. Tails or Feints
23
Q

What is spent lees?

A

The remaining liquid in a pot still which is mostly water

24
Q

What is accounting in distillation?

A

Regulators and distillery require accounting for the alcohol and raw materials used in the process

25
Q

How do you get higher strength and what consequences?

A

Earlier cut - Higher strength but more highly volatile compounds

26
Q

How do you get lower strength and what consequences?

A

Later cut with more low volatile compounds

27
Q

What drives congeners of different volatilities to create a cuts graph?

A

Individual process and raw materials drive this process

28
Q

What is the challenge of Triple Distillation?

A

Recovery of 2nd batch heads and tails

29
Q

What is intermediate distillation?

A

Distilling low wins, feints, and foreshots from previous distillations. in 2nd stage of 3rd stage distillation

30
Q

What is an advantage of 3rd Stage Distillation?

A
  1. Greater rectification over 2-stage

2. More control over quality and character

31
Q

What is an alternative method for greater rectification in a pot still?

A

Using small plates fitted above the shoulder of the pot below vapor pipe (3-8) with a reflux condenser

32
Q

What is a dephlegmator?

A

Used in a pot still with fitted plates and is the DOWNFLOW REFLUX CONDENSER
Like a continuous still

33
Q

What is a Carter Head or Lomond Still?

A

A pot still using plates which produces higher ABV and less low volatiles (heavy) congeners

IBD General Certificate (52 decks)

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