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Z Year3 Cardio Conditions > Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiomyopathy?

A
  • group of disease which the myocardium becomes structurally and functionally abnormal
  • in absence of CAD, valvular disease
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2
Q

Can young people have cardiomyopathy?

A

yes

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3
Q

Is a heart attack cardiomyopathy?

A

no

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4
Q

What is primary and secondary cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Primary: confined to myocardium

- Secondary: part of systemic disease

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5
Q

What are the 3 layers of heart?

A
  1. Epicardium: outer protective layer
  2. Myocardium: muscular middle layer
  3. Endocardium: thin inner layer
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6
Q

What are symptoms of cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Symptoms of HF:
    - SOB on exertion
    - Fainting
    - Fatigue
  2. Sudden death often 1st presentation
  3. FHx
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7
Q

What are the examination signs for cardiomyopathy?

A

Signs of HF:

  • resp crackles
  • murmurs
  • S3, S4
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8
Q

What Ix are done for cardiomyopathy?

A
  • No single diagnostic test for all types
  • ECHO
  • Can also do bloods, BNP, CXR, ECG, cardiac catheterisation, stress test
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9
Q

What are different types of cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. dilated
  2. hypertrophic
  3. constrictive
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10
Q

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  • Ventricles enlarge and become dilated

- Walls thning and weaken so can’t contract effectively

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11
Q

What is law of laplace?

A

increased radius leads to reduced ventricular pressure

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12
Q

What are RF for dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Post-viral
  3. Haemochromatosis
  4. Genetic
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13
Q

What is the presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Signs and symptoms of HF
  2. Displaced Apex beat
  3. TR/MR murmur
  4. S3
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14
Q

What Ix are done for dilated cardiomyopathy and what is found?

A
  1. Globular heart on CXR

2. Dilated ventricle on echo

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15
Q

What is the patho of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Muscle thickens inwards - hench
  2. Increased stiffness of the muscles affects pumping
  3. Thickened muscle disrupts electrical conduction and causes arrythmia
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16
Q

What is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?

A

thickened ventricle obstructs the outflow of blood

17
Q

What is classic epid in HOCM?

A
  • 50% is familial (autosomal dominant)

- young fit athelete collapse out of everywhere

18
Q

What is the cause of death in HOCM?

A

arrythmia

19
Q

What are symptoms of HOCM?

A
  1. usually asymptomatic
  2. sudden cardiac death is often the 1st presentation
  3. Angina, dyspnoea on exertion, palpitations, syncope
20
Q

What are signs of HOCM?

A
  1. Ejection systolic murmur
  2. Jerky carotid pulse
  3. Double apex beat but NOT DISPLACED
  4. S4
21
Q

How can you see LVH on ECG?

A
  1. deep S in V1/V2
  2. Tall R in V5/V6
  3. S in V1 + R in V5 or V6 > 7 large squares
22
Q

What is the patho of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. R for rigid – ventricles become abnormally rigid and lose flexibility
  2. Impaired ventricular filling during diastole
  3. Reduced preload to reduced blood flow and backing up of blood
23
Q

What are causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, haemochromatosis (the infiltrative “osis’ disease)
  2. Familial
  3. Idiopathic
    - Rarer than dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
24
Q

What are the symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Asymptomatic or HF symptoms

25
Q

What are signs of restirctive cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. RHF signs: raised JVP, S3, ascites and oedema, hepatomegaly
  2. Kussmaul’s signs = paradoxical rise in JVP during inspiration
26
Q

What are other cardiomyopathies?

A
  1. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

2. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

27
Q

What is Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Progressive fatty and fibrous replacement of the ventricular myocardium
  2. Inherited (autosomal dominant)
28
Q

What is takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Sudden temporary weakening of heart muscle after a significant stressor
  2. Broken heart syndrome

Z Year3 Cardio Conditions (22 decks)

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