diabetic retinopathy Flashcards
what
blood vessels in retina are damaged due to prolonged hyperglycaemia
pathophysiology - damage to retinal small vessels + endothelial cells leads to…
inc vascular permeability leads to leakage, blot haemorrhages and formation of hard exudates
hard exudates
yellow/white deposits of lipids in the retina
pathophysiology - damage to blood vessel walls leads to…
microaneurysms - weakness in wall
venous beading - walls of veins no longer straight, look more like string of beads
pathophysiology - damage to nerve fibres leads to….
fluffy white patches on retina called cotton wool spots
intraretinal microvascular abnormalities
dilated and tortuous capillaries in the retina
can act as a shunt between arterial and venous vessels in retina
neovascularisation
growth factors released in retina causing development of new blood vessels
classification
non-proliferative
proliferative
classified based on fundoscopy findings
Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - mild
microaneurysms
Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - moderate
micro-aneurysms blot haemorrhages hard exudates cotton wool spots venous beading
Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy - severe
blot haemorrhages + micro-aneurysms in 4 quadrants
venous beading in 2 quadrants
intraretinal microvascular abnormality
proliferative diabetic retinopathy
neovascularisation
vitreous haemorrhage
diabetic maculopathy
macular oedema
ischaemic maculopathy
complications
retinal detachment vitreous haemorrhage rebeosis iridis optic neuropathy cataracts
Rebeosis iridis
new blood vessel formation in iris
