exchange surfaces DEFINITELY IN EXAM Flashcards
how to figure out surface area to volume ratio
- figure out surface area of each side
- times by the number of sides
- figure out the volume
- write out the ratio
figure out surface area to volume ratio of a cube with all lengths being 1mm
surface area of each side= 1x1 = 1mm^2
total surface area= 1mm^2 x 6= 6mm^2
volume= 1 x 1 x 1 = 1 mm^3
6:1
how do fish get oxygen into their bodies
the oxygen rich water passes into the mouth and then flows over the gills where the oxygen is transported into the bloodstream
deoxygenated blood passes into the filament. Oxygen diffuses from the water into the blood. oxygenated blood returns to the body
what are the 3 adaptations of fishes filaments (gills)
- filaments give the gills a large surface area
- filaments also have a thin membrane to provide a short diffusion pathway
- filaments have an efficient blood supply to take the oxygenated blood away this maintains a concentration gradient ( keeps it high)
how are root hair cells adapted
large surface area to volume ratio to speed up diffusion
lots of mitochondria for absorbing minerals using energy
how are the alveoli adapted for gaseous exchange
- folded surface large surface area to volume ratio - good blood supply maintains the concentration gradient -thin wall minimises diffusion distance
how are the villi adapted for gaseous exchange
- folded surface large surface area to volume ratio - good blood supply maintains a concentration gradient - thin wall minimises diffusion distance
how are the lungs adapted
-millions of alveoli large surface area - lots of capillaries constant blood supply maintains a concentration gradient - thin membranes on the alveoli short diffusion pathway
how is the small intestine adapted
-millions of villi with microvilli
large surface area to volume ratio
- lots of mitochondria
respiration provides energy for active transport
why do multicellular organisms have to have exchange surfaces
they have an insufficient surface area to meet the demands of their body so molecules can’t be transported in and out of their body quickly and effectively
Define isotonic sports drinks
Isotonic sports drinks contain similar concentrations of salt and sugar (glucose) as the human body and are primarily used for hydration and fluid replacement
Define hypertonic sports drinks
Hypertonic sports drinks contain concentrations of salt and sugar higher than typical blood levels
This provides high salt and sugar levels for absorption from the small intestine - these drinks are suitable for supplying glucose in particular during intense physical exercise (eg. during a marathon)
why do athletes drink sports drinks
to replace the water, salts, glucose lost from the body during exercise
how are the lamellae in fish gills adapted
- folded surface large surface area to volume ratio - good blood supply maintains a concentration gradient - thin wall minimises diffusion distance
