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Microbiology > Chpt 16 > Flashcards

Chpt 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Harbors a dense network of nerves, blood, vessels, and lymphatic vessels

A

Dermis

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2
Q

___ is the result of a separation of the epidermis and dermis due to friction, trauma or burns

A

Blister formation

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3
Q

Chiefly responsible for keeping the microbial count on the skin relatively low

A

Antimicrobial peptides

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4
Q

Toxic byproducts of fatty acid metabolism inhibit the growth of microorganisms not adapted to the skin environment.

A

Sebum

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5
Q

Low ph and high salt concentration defense of the skin.

A

Sweat

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6
Q

Enzyme found in sweat, tears and saliva

A

Lysozyme

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7
Q

Hundreds of species of microbes, except for some pathogens, inhabit the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers (t/f)

A

False, hundreds of species of microbes INCLUDING some well-known pathogens, inhabit the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers.

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8
Q

___ causes MRSA

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of MRSA

A

Raised, red, tender localized lesions
Features pus and feels hot to the touch
Fever

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10
Q

Transmission of MRSA can happen by

A

Contaminants of all kinds of surfaces

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11
Q

Pathogenesis and virulence factors of MRSA

A

COAGULASE is a diagnostic species characteristic

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12
Q

Culture and diagnosis of MRSA

A

CATALASE distinguishes Staphylococci from Streptococci

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13
Q

Prevention and treatment of MRSA

A

Antimicrobial treatment should include more than one antibiotic

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14
Q

___ is a flat to slightly raised colored bumps

A

Maculopapular

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15
Q

Name two maculopapular rash diseases

A

Measles and rubella

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16
Q

___ is also known as rubeolla

A

Measles

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms of measles

A

Sore throat, dry cough, headache, conjuctivitis, lymphadenitis

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18
Q

This disease is characterized by a red, maculopapular EXANTHEM (widespread rash) that ERUPTS ON THE HEAD and progresses to the trunk and extremities

A

Measles

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19
Q

___ is a prodomal sign in measles

A

Koplik spots

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20
Q

Encephalis is a complication of ____

A

Measles

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21
Q

Subacute sclerosis panencephalitis is a complication in___

A

Measles. EVENTUALLY LEADS TO COMA AND DEATH

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22
Q

___ is one of the most contagious infectious diseases

A

Measles

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23
Q

Vaccine for measles is

A

MMR vaccine

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24
Q

___ also known as german measles.

-SERIOUS DAMAGE CAN OCCUR IN THE FETUS IN UTERO

A

Rubella

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25
Q

Rubella is ___ to the fetus.

A

Teratogenic. Infection in FIRST TRIMESTER can result in miscarriage or multiple permanent defects

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26
Q

Causative agent of rubella

A

Rubivirus; has the ability to stop mitosis

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27
Q

How to prevent rubella

A

MMR vaccine is given

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28
Q

“slapped cheek” is the sign of __

A

Fifth disease

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29
Q

___ is very contagious, presents as a mild case and is diagnosed by clinical presentation

A

Fifth disease

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30
Q

___ Is also known as “sixth disease”

A

Roseola

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31
Q

This disease is characterized by HIGH FEVER and IT APPEARS FIRST ON CHEST AND TRUNK

A

Roseola

32
Q

This disease can remain latent in the host indefinitely after the disease has cleared

A

Roseola

33
Q

____ can be caused by either Sthaphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes, or may be used by a mixture of the two

A

Impetigo

34
Q

___ characterized by HONEY-COLORED CRUSTS

A

Impetigo

35
Q

____ caused by infection in the dermis and in the subcutaneous tissues

A

Cellulitis

36
Q

Lymphangitis and bacterimia is a sign of ___

A

Cellulitis. Bacterimia could develop but uncomplicated cellulitis has a good prognosis

37
Q

___ is a dermolytic infection

-affects mostly newborns and babies.

A

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)

38
Q

Bullous lesions is a sign of

A

SSSS

39
Q

Vesicular or pustular rash diseases

A

Chicken pox

Small pox

40
Q

Very common and mostly benign disease; also viral

A

Chicken pox

41
Q

Even a single case constitutes a public health emergency; also viral

A

Small pox

42
Q

Individual lesions that contain fluid

A

Pox

43
Q

Signs and symptoms of ___

  • RASH BEGINS ON SCALP,FACE AND TRUNK, it radiates in sparse crops to the extremities.
  • lesion distribution is CENTRIPETAL
A

Chicken pox

44
Q

___ skin lesions progress quickly from macules and papules to itchy vesicles filled with clear fluid

A

Chicken pox

45
Q

Virus enters the sensory endings of dermatomes AFTER RECOVERY OF CHICKEN POX

A

Shingles

46
Q

This disease can lead to POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA, involvement of cranial nerves which CAN LEAD TO EYE INFLAMMATION AND OCULAR AND FACIAL PARALYSIS.

A

Shingles

47
Q

Vaccination for smallpox is still being given throughout the USA (t/f)

A

False, vaccination for smallpox has been discontinued when the disease was eradicated, but is offered to certain U.S populations.

48
Q

___ PUSTULES FORM FILLED WITH THICK OPAQUE FLUID.

A

Cutaneous Anthrax (also septicemic, GI, meningitis, and pulmonary)

49
Q

Papule that becomes necrotic and later ruptures to form a painless ____

A

BLACK ESCHAR. forms in cutaneous anthrax

50
Q

Causative agent of cutaneous anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

51
Q

__ is part of dermatophytes which are a group of fungi

-all conditions have names beginning in ‘tinea’

A

Rignworm

52
Q

(t/f) Fungi invade deeper epidermal layers

A

False, fungi DO NOT disturb deeper epidermal layers

53
Q

__ is also known as “the windshield of the eye”

A

Cornea

54
Q

Tears consist of

A

Lysozyme and lactoferrin

55
Q

What is the role of tears?

A

Prevents attachment of microorganisms to the eye surface

56
Q

The surface of the eye has ___

A

Immune priviledge. This means inflammation does not occur in the eye as it does in the rest of the body

57
Q

Which of the following is NOT a natural defense of the eye?

a. flushing action of tears
b. phagocytes
c. lysozyme
d. lactoferrin
e. mucus

A

Phagocytes

58
Q

Defenses of the eye

A

Mucus in conjuntiva and in tears

Lysozyme and lactoferrin in tears

59
Q

To a large extent the eye microbiome is different to the skin (t/f)

A

False, microbioma resembles the microbiome present on the skin

60
Q

Bacterial infections of the eye produce ___

A

Milky discharge

61
Q

Viral infections of the eye produce ____

A

Clear, watery exudate

62
Q

Also known as “pink eye”

A

Conjunctivits

63
Q

____ infections are caused by NEISSERIA GONORRHOAE and CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Transmitted ___ from genital tract infection to the mother.

A

Neonatal Eye infection. VERTICALLY

64
Q

Only viral conjuctivitis is transmissible by direct contact and are usually highly contagious (t/f)

A

False, BOTH viral and bacterial conjuctivits are transmissible through direct contact and are highly contagious.

65
Q

For conjuctivitis physicians may prescribe ___ antibiotic

A

Prophylactic

66
Q

__ signs of invasion of deeper eye tissues and can lead to blindness

A

Keratitis

67
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis causes keratitis in ___

A

People who wear contacts

68
Q

NCLEX1. A nurse specializing in burn care is educating nursing student about skin variations over the body.She states that the thickest skin is found on the ___ and the thinnest on the ___.

a. chest,cheeks
b. buttocks,nose
c. plantar of the foot,eyelids
d. abdomen,dorsum of hands

A

C

69
Q

NCLEX2. A patient has been diagnosed with a MRSA infection in a skin wound. The nurse is entering the patient’s room to administer intravenous antibiotics.Which of the following should be worn upon entering room to prevent spread of MRSA?

a. gloves
b. gown and gloves
c. gown,gloves and mask
d. gown,gloves,mask and eye protection

A

D

70
Q

NCLEX3. A patient has been diagnosed with impetigo but has been noncompliant with medical treatment. What complication is associated with untreated impetigo?

a. future antibiotic allergies
b. measles
c. increased likelihood of roseola
d. glomerulonephritis
e. septicimia

A

Glomerulonephritis.

71
Q
  1. Which of the following infectious agents has evolved to maintain a persistent state in its hosts?
    a. variola virus
    b. herpes virus
    c. vaccinia virus
    d. staph aureus
A

Herpes virus

72
Q
  1. What is an antimicrobial enzyme found in tears,sweat,and saliva that can break down bacteria walls?
    a. lysozyme
    b. beta-lactamase
    c. catalase
    d. hyaluronidase
A

Lysozyme

73
Q
  1. Which of the following organisms produces a enzyme that breaks down hydrogen-peroxide?
    a. strep pyogenes
    b. staph aureus
    c. MRSA
    d. two of these
A

Two of these(staph and MRSA)

74
Q
  1. Which of these techniques has detected the large number of normal microbiota on skin surfaces?
    a. culturing
    b. 165 rRNA sequencing
    c. Antibody probing
    d. gel electrophoresis
A

B

75
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be a polymicrobial infection?
    a. measles
    b. rubella
    c. leishmaniasis
    d. impetigo
A

Impetigo

76
Q
  1. Staph aureus is part of differential diagnosis of which of the following diseases?
    a. impetigo
    b. maculopapular rash
    c. both
    d. non
A

Impetigo and maculopapular rash

Microbiology (16 decks)

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