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Praxis Review > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A
  • cranial nerves
  • spinal nerves
  • Autonomic nervous system
    • sympathetic branch
    • parasympathetic branch
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2
Q

The PNS is a collection of nerves outside the _____ ______ and skull

A

spinal column and skull

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3
Q

nervous system that carries sensory and motor impulses back and forth fromt he brain to various parts of the body

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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4
Q

Three types of nerves in the PNS

A
  1. Cranial (12)
  2. Spinal (31 pairs)
  3. Autonomic
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5
Q

Cranial Nerves

A
  • On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Anyhow
    • I - Olfactory
    • II - Optic
    • III - Oculomotor
    • IV - Trochlear
    • V - Trigeminal
    • VI - Abducens
    • VII - Facial
    • VIII - Vestibulocochlear
    • IX Glossopharyngeal
    • X - Vagus
    • XI - Spinal accessory
    • XII - Hypoglossal
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6
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory

Smell (sensory)

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7
Q

CN II

A

Optic

Vision (sensory)

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8
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor

Eye movement (motor)

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9
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

Eye movement (motor)

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10
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal

Face (sensory); Jaw (motor)

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11
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

Eye movement (motor)

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12
Q

CN VII

A

Facial

Tongue (sensory); face (motor)

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13
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

Hearing and balance (sensory)

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14
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

Tongue and pharynx (sensory); pharynx only (motor)

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15
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

Larynx, respiratory, cardiac and gastrointestinal systems

(sensory and motor)

https://youtu.be/bNPfjLnnJzA

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16
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal accessory

Shoulder, arm, and throat movements (motor)

17
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

Mostly tongue movement (motor)

18
Q

Which Cranial Nerves are involved with speech, language and hearing?

A

V, VII, XII

Vagus, Facial, Hypoglossal

19
Q

3 sensory branches of CN V

A
  1. Opthalmic - sensory branches for nose, eyes, forehead
  2. Maxillary - sensory branches from nose, upperlip, maxilla, upper cheek, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, nasopharynx, palate
  3. Mandibular - from mandible, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of the cheeck and part of external ear
  • transmits tactile, pain, and temperature but not taste stimuli from anterior two-thirds of tongue
  • Also has motor fibers that innervate various jaw muscles, including temporalis, lateral & medial pterygoids, masseter, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric
20
Q

Sign of unilateral upper motor neuron lesions to cranial nerve V

A
  • minimally impacts motor function because CN V is bilaterally innervated
  • will cause jaw to deviate towards affected side when mouth is closed
21
Q

Bilateral damage to cranial nerve V

A
  • inability to close mouth
  • difficulty chewing
  • Trigeminal neuralgia - sharp pain in facial area
22
Q

CN V is a motor nerve

A

False

its a motor and sensory nerve (mixed nerve)

23
Q

CN VII is a mixed nerve

A

True

Sensory fibers are responsible for taste sensations on the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Motor fibers innervate muscles important to facial expression and speech

24
Q

Unilateral upper motor neuron lesion to CN VII will only paralyze the lower face

T/F

A

TRUE

the upper portion of the face is bilaterally innervated so unilateral UMN damage would result in paralysis only to lower face

25
Q

Inability to move the upper and lower face resulting in mask-like appearance with miniml or no facial expression indicates damage to what cranial nerve?

A

Cranial Nerve VII - Facial

indicates bilateral damage to facial nerve

26
Q

When there is a sign of unilateral damage to the facial nerve?

A

A smile drawn to the undamaged side

27
Q

Glossopharngeal Nerve CN IX is a mixed nerve

T/F

A

True

it has sensory, motor, and autonomic components

28
Q

Functions of sensory component of CN IX glossopharyngeal

A
  • assists in processing taste sensations from the posterior third of tongue
  • provides sensation for tympanic cavity, ear canal, eustachian tube, faucial pillars, tonsils, soft palate, and pharynx
29
Q

Functions of motor fibers of glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

A
  • innervates the stylopharyngeus - a muscle that raises and dilates the pharynx.
  • May innervate the superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Supplies motor fibers to pharyngeal plexus along with CNX that innervates the upper pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
30
Q

Signs of lesions in glossopharyngeal nerve

A
  • difficulty in swallowing
  • unilateral loss of gag reflex
  • loss of taste and sensation from posterior third of tongue
31
Q

CN X Vagus is a mixed nerve

T/F

A

True

  • contains motor, sensory and autonomic fibers
  • called a wandering “vagus” nerve cause it extends from neck into chest and stomach
  • Motor fibers supply the digestive system, heart, lungs, pharynx, and larynx
  • Sensory- conveys info from digestive system, heart, trachea and bronchi, lower pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis.
    • transmits pain, touch and temperature sense from skin covering the tympanic membrane and ear canal.
    • Includes RLN and SLN, pharyngeal branch
32
Q

Branch of the vagus nerve that regulates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, excluding the cricothyroid; The left side courses uner the heart and back up to the esophagus, trachea and larynx

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN)

33
Q

Damage to this branch of the vagus nerve during thyroid surgery can result in total or partial paralysis fo the vocal folds;

Damage to its left branch during cardiac surgery can result in paresis or paralysis of the left vocal fold

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

(RLN)

34
Q

The branch of the vagus nerve that supplies the pharyngeal constrictors and all the muscles of the velum except the tensor veli palatini;

It also transmits sensory information from the base of tongue and pharynx

A

Pharyngeal Branch

35
Q

Branch of vagus nerve that is divided into internal (sensory) and external (motor) branches

A

SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE (SLN)

  • Internal - receives sensory information from the larynx above the vocal folds
  • External - innervates the cricothyroid muscle; damage to this branch results in inability to change pitch
36
Q

Signs of Damage to Vagus Nerve

A

Due to its extensive course, damage to vagus nerve includes a variety of sequelae

  • difficulty swallowing
  • paralysis of velum (resulting in nasality issues)
  • voice problems (aphonia, hoarseness, breathiness, roughness) if RLN is damaged
37
Q

Motor Nerve that runs under the tongue

A

CN XII Hypoglossal Nerve

38
Q

Cranial nerve that supplies all extrinsic tongue muscles except for palatoglossus muscle; and supplies all intrinsic muscles of tongue.

A

CN XII Hypoglossal

39
Q

Signs of damage to CN XII

A

Lesions to hypoglossal nerve can result in :

  • tongue paralysis
  • diminished intelligibility
  • swallowing problems

Praxis Review (8 decks)

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