Ch11 Polymers

Question 1

Polymer

Answer 1

long chain molecules formed from the joining of many repeating small chain-molecules(monomers)

Question 2

addition polymerisation

Answer 2

one type of alkene monomers join together to produce one product
- double covalent bond is replaced by a single bond

normally creates poly(ethene)

Question 3

condensation polymerisation

Answer 3

two types of monomers(with different functional groups) join together to produce two products

• water or hydrochloric acid
• and condensation polymer(normally poly(ester))

Question 4

Properties of poly(ethene)

Answer 4

useful plastic
strong
easy to shape
transparent

Question 5

Uses of poly(ethene)

Answer 5

drink bottles
dustbins
cling film
carrier bags

Question 6

Uses of poly(propene)

Answer 6

carpets
milk crates
ropes

Question 7

Forming a polyester

Answer 7

alcohol monomer(diol)
nHO - □ - OH
\+
carboxylic acid monomer(dicarboxylic acid)
nHOOC - □ - COOH
->
polyester
-[- □ - OOC - □ - COO-]n-
\+
water
2nH2O

Question 8

General way of representing a diol

Answer 8

HO - □ - OH

Question 9

General way of representing a dicarboxylic acid

Answer 9

HOOC - □ - COOH

      O              O
        \\            //
         C - □ - C
        /             \
H - O              O - H

Question 10

Example of a polyester

Answer 10

nylon

• strong
• lightweight
• non-absorbent
• dries quickly

Question 11

General way of representing a polyester

Answer 11

• number CH2 in diol - OOC - number CH2 in dicarboxylic acid - COO -

Question 12

Formation of a polypeptide

Answer 12

condensation polymerisation of amino acids
linked together by peptide bonds
forms part of a protein molecule

Question 13

Functional groups of amino acids

Answer 13

1. basic - amine group NH2

2. acidic- carboxylic acid group - COOH

Question 14

monosaccharide

Answer 14

made up of one sugar unit

• simple carb
• e.g. glucose and fructose

Question 15

polysaccharide

Answer 15

made up of one or more types of sugars

- complex carb

Question 16

What do glucose monomers create

Answer 16

1. starch polymers + water

2. cellulose polymers + water

Question 17

Formation of DNA

Answer 17

repeating units of nucleotide monomers joined together by condensation polymer

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

natural polymer

contains genetic code that determines different amino acid sequences of every protein in the body

Question 19

Structure of DNA

Answer 19

double helix made up of two long polymer strands made of nucleotides
each nucleotide is made of:
1. phosphate
2. sugar
3. base(C,G,A or T)

Question 20

What do a variety of amino acid monomers create

Answer 20

protein polymers + water

Question 21

Carbohydrates

Answer 21

naturally occurring polymer

made up of C, H and O