Muscle attachments and functions

Question 1

Gluteus Medius

Answer 1

Action: Hip abduction

Proximal: Gluteal surface of the Illum between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines

Distal: Greater trochanter of the femur

Question 2

Gluteus Minimus

Answer 2

Action: Medial rotation and abduction of thigh at hip joint

Proximal: Gluteal surface of the Ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines

Distal: Greater trochanter of the femur

Question 3

Psoas Major

Answer 3

Action: Hip Flexion and flexes thigh at hip joint

Proximal: Bodies and adjacent transverse processes

Distal: : Lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 4

Illiacus

Answer 4

Action: Hip flexion and flexes thigh at hip joint

Proximal: Upper and posterior two thirds of the iliac fossa

Distal: Lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 5

Tensor Fascia Lata

Answer 5

Action: Medial rotation , abduction and flexion of thigh at hip joint

Proximal:

• Anterior part of iliac crest, and adjacent gluteal surface
• Anterior superior iliac spine

Distal: Lateral condyle of the tibia via the iliotibial band

Question 6

Piriformis

Answer 6

Action: Laterally rotates and transversely abducts thigh at hip joint

Proximal Attachments:

• Anterior aspects of the 2nd and 4th sacral segments
• Sacrotuberous ligament

Distal: Medial side of the trochanter of the femur

Question 7

Superior Gemellus

Answer 7

Action: Laterally rotates and transversely abducts thighs at hip joints

Proximal Attachments: Gluteal surface of the ischial spine

Distal Attachments: Medial surface of the greater trochanter via the tendon of obturator internus

Question 8

Obturator Internus

Answer 8

Action: Laterally rotates and transversely abducts thigh at hip joint

Proximal Attachments: Internal surface of the obturator membrane and adjacent bone

Distal Attachments: Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 9

Inferior Gemellus

Answer 9

Action: Laterally rotates and transversely abducts thigh at hip joint

Proximal Attachment: Upper part of the ischial tuberosity

Distal Attachment: Medial surface of the greater trochanter via the tendon of obturator internus

Question 10

Quadratus Femoris

Answer 10

Action: Laterally rotates thigh at the hip joint

Proximal attachment: Ischial tuberosity

Distal Attachment: Quadrate tubercle of the femur

Question 11

Obturator Externus

Answer 11

Action: Laterally rotates thigh at the hip joint

Proximal Attachment: Outer surface of the obturator membrane and adjacent bone

Distal Attachment: Trochanteric fossa of the femur

Question 12

Gracilis

Answer 12

Action: Flexes and medially rotates lef at knee joint; assists in adduction of thigh at hip joint

Proximal Attachment:

• Anterior body of the pubis
• Inferior ramus of the pubis

Distal Attachement:

• Medial surface of the upper part of the shaft of the tibia

Question 13

Pectineus

Answer 13

Action: Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint

Proximal Attachments: Superior Ramus of the pubis

Distal Attachments: Pectineal line of the femur

Question 14

Adductor Magnus

Answer 14

Action: Adducts, flexes and extends thigh at hip joint

Proximal Attachments: Ischiopubic ramus extending to the inferior part of the ischial tuberosity

Distal Attachments:

• Upper part of the medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur to medial supracondylar ridge of the femur
• Adductor tubercle of the femur

Question 15

Adductor Longus

Answer 15

Action: Adducts thigh at hip joint

Proximal Attachments: Anterior aspect of the body of the pubis (between the pubis crest and the symphysis)

Distal Attachments: Middle two quarters of the medial lip of the linea aspera

Question 16

Adductor Brevis

Answer 16

Action: Adducts thigh at hip joint

Proximal Attachments:

• Anterolateral body of the pubis
• Inferior ramus of the pubis

Distal Attachments:

• Proximal half of the medial lip of the linea aspera