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AMT V1-22 > AMT- Materials > Flashcards

AMT- Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Critical Temperature

A

The temperature in which metal structure cannot carry the service load it was designed to do due to softening from critical temperature.

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2
Q

Hot working

A

Metal is worked above critical temperature

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3
Q

Cold working

A

Metal is worked below critical temperature

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4
Q

Rolling

A

Can be hot or cold working process. Metal is compressed between rollers.

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5
Q

Forging

A

Metal is shaped by pressing, dropping, hammering at above critical temperature

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6
Q

Extruding

A

Hot or cold process. Metal is forced through a die to create seamless superior product.

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7
Q

Casting

A

Liquid state metals poured in mold to form shape. Widely used for parts such as turbine blades.

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8
Q

Why is cold rolling preferred over hot rolling

A

Cold rolling makes the metal stronger due to work hardening

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9
Q

Why does cold working provide a more accurate finish and dimensions

A

No thermal expansion

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10
Q

What must be done to cold worked metal for further forming?

A

Annealing. Work hardening occurs when cold worked which makes the metal hard and brittle. Annealing relives the stresses and softens the metal so it can be worked further.

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11
Q

What metals can be extruded?

A

Lead, tin, aluminum, alloys, copper, titanium, molybdenum, vanadium, steel

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12
Q

What is an advantage of cold extruding?

A

No oxidation, good surface finish and mechanical properties

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13
Q

What is a non-ferrous metal?

A

A metal that does not contain iron (Fe)

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14
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements that adhere to certain desired properties

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15
Q

What advantages come from allowing aluminum?

A

Aluminum can exceed mechanical properties of some steel. Strength increased.

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16
Q

Advantage of alloying molecular-wise

A

Stops dislocations of molecules from spreading. Resist deformation.

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17
Q

Identify: AA 1140-H14

A

AA- Aluminum Association
1-Commercially pure Aluminum
1- Alloy mod once
40- 40 points above 99% pure (99.4%)

H1-Alloy hardened by working
4- Worked to harden to one half of potential

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18
Q

Temper designations

O

A

Annealed

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19
Q

Temper designations

H1

A

Strain hardened by cold working

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20
Q

Temper designations

H12

A

Strain hardened by cold working

2 indicates 1/4 hardness

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21
Q

Temper designations

H14

A

Strain hardened by cold working

4 indicates 1/2 hardness

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22
Q

Temper designations

H18

A

Strain hardened by cold working

8 indicates full hardness

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23
Q

Temper designations

H19

A

Strain hardened by cold working

9 indicates extra hard

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24
Q

Temper designations

H2

A

Strain hardened by cold working and partially annealed

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25
Q

Temper designations

H3

A

Strain hardened and stabilized

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26
Q

Heat treatment

O

A

Annealed

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27
Q

Heat treatment

F

A

As fabricated

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28
Q

Heat treatment

T

A

Heat treatable alloy

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29
Q

Heat treatment

T3

A

Solution Heat treated and strain hardened

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30
Q

Heat treatment

T36

A

Solution Heat treated and strain hardened

6= amount strain hardening, reduction of 6%

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31
Q

Heat treatment

T4

A

Solution Heat treated and room temp aging

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32
Q

Heat treatment

T6

A

Solution Heat treated and artificial aging

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33
Q

Aluminum Alloying Elements

1xxx

A

Aluminum (99% pure)

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34
Q

Aluminum Alloying Elements

2xxx

A

Copper

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35
Q

Aluminum Alloying Elements

3xxx

A

Manganese

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36
Q

Aluminum Alloying Elements

4xxx

A

Silicon

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37
Q

Aluminum Alloying Elements

5xxx

A

Magnesium

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38
Q

Aluminum Alloying Elements

6xxx

A

Magnesium and silicon

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39
Q

Aluminum Alloying Elements

7xxx

A

Zinc

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40
Q

Aluminum Alloying Elements

8xxx

A

Other Elements

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41
Q

Identify AA 2024-T3

A

AA- Aluminum association
2- copper
0- no mods
24- 24th alloy in the family

T- heat treated
3- solution Heat treated and strain hardened

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42
Q

Solution Heat treatment

A

Heating of an alloy to a temperature at which a particular constituent will enter into solid solution followed by cooling at a rate fast enough to prevent the dissolved constituent from precipitating

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43
Q

Precipitation heat treatment

A

A treatment involving the heating or aging of an alloy at elevated temperature to cause a constituent to precipitate from solid solution. To separate

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44
Q

Purpose of heat treating

A

Used to alter physical/chemical properties of a material and achieve desired results such as hardening or softening.

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45
Q

Annealing

A

Heating to just above critical point, soaking in that temp then cooling slowly.

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46
Q

Natural aging

A

Cooling at room temp/air temp

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47
Q

An alloyed aluminum that has a thing pure aluminum layer mechanically attached that provides corrosion protection. Layer has a thickness of 5% total thickness on each side.

A

ALCLAD

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48
Q

How does the pure aluminum on ALCLAD prevent corrosion

A

Oxide layer forms on pure aluminum. Aluminum oxide is impervious (non-porous) to water, protects alloy. The alloy itself would not do this as the copper, zinc etc. would react with aluminum in presence of water.

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49
Q

Why is magnesium a useful alloy/metal for Aircraft materials?

A

Magnesium weighs two thirds that of aluminum. Hexagonal unit shaoe makes toughness a property.

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50
Q

Disadvantage of magnesium?

A

Burns/ignites, hard to extinguish.

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51
Q

Advantages of titanium

A 
High strength to weight ratio
Resistant to stress cracking
Low coefficient thermal expansion 
Resistant to most corrosive substances 
Short term, extreme heat properties ideal for use in aircraft firewalls
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52
Q

Bright white Starbursts at end of stream would indicate which metal?

A

Titanium

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53
Q

Why is copper limited in its uses for structural material

A

Limited because of its weight.

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54
Q

This metal is used for spark plug gaskets due to its electrical conductivity

A

Copper

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55
Q

What is composed in bronze

A

Copper (75-90%) and tin( 10-25%)

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56
Q

What is composed in brass

A

Copper (55-70%) and zinc (30-45%)

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57
Q

What is brass commonly used for in aircraft?

A

Bearing metal and seal applications

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58
Q

Describe sintered metals and an advantage of sintered brass and bronze.

A

Sintering: objects created from metal powders held in molds, pressed then heated BELOW melting point.

Brass and bronze used as bushings that self lubricate due to oil retention of sintered form

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59
Q

Galling

A

Rubbing or mating of surfaces. Transfer of material between metallic surfaces via heat from motion. Metal gets hot it welds and the surface metal is destroyed.

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60
Q

Brinelling

A

Caused by excessive impact. Permanent indentation of hard surface

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61
Q

Spalling

A

Chipped away portion of hardened surface

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62
Q

Fretting

A

Corrosion due to vibration and slip in contact areas between materials

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63
Q

What are the 4 nickel alloys used in aviation?

A

Monel
K-Monel
Inconel
CRES (Corrosive Resistant Steel)

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64
Q

Monel

A

Nickel with 31.5% COPPER alloyed
Used in lockwire
High temp environment

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65
Q

K-Monel

A

Nickel alloy with small amount of aluminum
Preferred choice for landing gear components
Toughness and corrosive resistant
High fatigue strength
High UTS levels with proper hardening

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66
Q

Inconel

A

Nickel with 7.2% IRON and 15.8% CHROMIUM

Lockwire

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67
Q

CRES (Corrosive Resistant Steel)

A

High iron content but included as nickel alloy
Austenitic CRES used for hardwire and lockwire
Fasteners prone to galling

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68
Q

Ferrous metals

A

Metals with iron in them (Fe)

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69
Q

How is iron ore reduce to iron metal?

What is the reduction process called?

A

Mixing ore with limestone and coke (pure carbon) and heating.

Carbon combines with oxygen forming superheated Co (carbon monoxide). Removes oxygen from iron ore.

Limestone melts and absorbs impurities from iron (flux)

Reduction process called SMELTING

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70
Q

What is pig iron

A

High carbon form of iron that is brittle and useless. Results after smelting.

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71
Q

How is steel made from pigs of iron?

A

Carbon is burned out of the metal then quantities of other elements are added into purified iron. Steel then poured into ingots.

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72
Q

SAE

A

Society Automotive Engineers

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73
Q

AISI

A

American Iron and Steel Institute

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74
Q

10xx-13xx are what type of steel groups?

A

Plain carbon steels

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75
Q

Identify

SAE 1020

A

SAE- Society Automotive Engineers
1- plain carbon steel
0- nothing added besides carbon
20- 20 points or 0.2% carbon added

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76
Q

Identify

SAE 1130

A

SAE- Society Automotive Engineers
1- plain carbon steel
1- Sulphur added, free machining steel
30 -30 points carbon 0.3%

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77
Q

Percentage of carbon in LOW carbon steels

A

0.10% to 0.30%

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78
Q

Percentage of carbon in MED carbon steels

A

0.30% to 0.50%

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79
Q

Percentage of carbon in HIGH carbon steels

A

0.50% to 1.05%

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80
Q

Steel alloys

1xxx

A

Plain carbon steel-low

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81
Q

Steel alloys

2xxx

A

Nickel

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82
Q

Steel alloys

3xxx

A

Nickel chromium

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83
Q

Steel alloys

4xxx

A

Molybdenum

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84
Q

Steel alloys

5xxx

A

Chromium

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85
Q

Steel alloys

6xxx

A

Chromium vanadium

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86
Q

Steel alloys

8xxx

A

Nickel, chromium, molybdenum

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87
Q

Steel alloys

11xx

A

Sulfur mod

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88
Q

Steel alloys

12xx

A

Sulfur and phosphorus mod

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89
Q

Steel alloys

13xx

A

Sulfur, phosphorus and manganese mod

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90
Q

Identify

SAE 2330

A

SAE- Society Automotive Engineers
2-nickel major alloy element
3- approx percentage of nickel
30- carbon points 0.3%

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91
Q

In 4130, what does the “1” stand for

A

4= Molybdenum family

1=Percentage of chromium

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92
Q

Hardness

A

Ability of metal to resist abrasion, penetration, permanent distortion

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93
Q

When quenching what should you do when submerging metal in substance?

A

Agitate it, so you reduce boundary layer from insulating and resulting uneven temperatures

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94
Q

Quenching

A

Results change in microstructure, gives tool high hardness and brittleness

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95
Q

Purpose of tempering

A

Trade brittleness for plasticity

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96
Q

Normalizing

A

Carried out by heating to above critical temperature then cooled at room temperature

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97
Q

Casehardening

A

Hardness process where the outer shell of metal goes through a chemical reaction to harden and become stronger around the core.

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98
Q

Carburizing

A

Carbon used as hardening agent in casehardening

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99
Q

Nitriding

A

Raising temperature to 900⁰-1150⁰ F then introducing ammonia gas (NH3) Gas decomposes into nitrogen gas.

Nitrogen infuses and reacts with elements in metal to form nitrites which harden the surface. Creates a 0.060 layer. Copper used on areas not to be nitrided

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100
Q

Babbit

A

Mixture of soft metals (lead, aluminum, copper) with metals (zinc, cadmium) resulting a metal alloy capable of long life. Used as bearings due to resistance of galling.

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101
Q

_____ is the #1 issue in aircraft design

A

Weight

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102
Q

Why are aircraft structures easily damaged?

A

Because they are lightweight

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103
Q

Primary structure

A

Portion of an airplane that would seriously endanger its safety if it failed.

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104
Q

Examples of primary structures

A

Wing spars, wing, fuselage skins, control surfaces, engine mounts

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105
Q

Secondary structures

A

Structure not critical to flight and ground safety.

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106
Q

Examples of secondary structures

A

Cowlings, fairings, interior furnishing, unpressurized windows, stringers

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107
Q

What type of fuselage construction is this

A

Truss

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108
Q

Longitudinal members that extend across several frame members and help the skin support primary bending loads.

A

Longerons

109
Q

____relies on triangles to make it strong

A

Truss

110
Q

A ___truss uses mostly diagonal bracing

A

Warren

111
Q

A ____truss uses perpendicular bracing

A

Pratt

112
Q

Gusset

A

Plate used to strengthen joint in a structure

113
Q

This type of construction is extruded as one piece which makes it stronger than welded portions. It does not have longerons or stringers and the outer skin carries the primary loads

A

Monocoque (single shell)

114
Q

Former

A

A structure that gives shape to the fueslage much like a rib would in a wing

115
Q

Bulkhead

A

A structure that gives shape to the fuselage, a “face” to a sub-structure

116
Q

What kind of construction type is this

A

Semi-monocoque

117
Q

Short pieces between longerons. Provide shape and attachment for skin

A

Stringers

118
Q

Extend over several formers helping skin support primary bending loads

A

Longerons

119
Q

Advantages of semi-monocoque

A

Additional internal structure helps lighten weight as skin can be thinner. Design choice for pressurized cabins

120
Q
A

Full cantilever

121
Q
A

Semi-cantilever

122
Q

What are the small structures attached to the struts called

A

Jury struts

123
Q

Identify parts of wing construction

A
124
Q

When you tighten drag wires, why are you able to tighten both ends

A

There are right hand and left hand threads on each end

125
Q

Primary load carrying component in a wing, horizontal stabilizer, vertical stabilizer, most control surfaces etc.

A

Spar

126
Q

If height is doubled in a Spar….

A

Carry ability is quadrupled

127
Q

Secondary structure component in a wing. Gives aerodynamic shape, holds spars upright, gives rigidity, transfers loads

A

Ribs

128
Q

In combination with spars and ribs, what is designed to carry part of flight and ground loads?

A

Wing skin

129
Q

What is a wet wing

A

Wing that carries fuel, sealed with fuel resistant sealant.

130
Q

Smooth airflow, non-load carrying, tertiary structure. Reduces interference drag

A

Wing root fairings

131
Q

This landing gear is located between nose wheel and main wheels

A

Tricycle

132
Q

This landing gear has a wheel at the tail end

A

Conventional

133
Q

Methods of checking relative alignment of an aircraft

A

Special dihedral board with spirit level

Incidence board

134
Q

Symmetry check on small aircraft

A

Measurements between points taken with steel tape

135
Q

Symmetry check on large aircraft

A

Spring scale to obtain equal tension. Dimension position chalked on floor using plumb bobs.
Can also use a construction transit

136
Q

What is the primary objective of aircraft repair?

A

To restore damaged parts to original condition.

137
Q

What do you look for in the case of damage from a lightning strike?

A

Bearing damage, melted resin in composites

138
Q

What’s the main thing to look for to identify a hard landing?

A

Wrinkling skin

139
Q

How do you check a float for leaks

A

Put plane in after for 24 hours or fill float.

140
Q

Should you use blind rivets on floats?

A

No, they create leaks

141
Q

A location where cross-sectional area of a part changes abruptly

A

Stress riser

142
Q

What must you do after repainting an aircraft control surface. And why?

A

Rebalance it as the weight may have changed from the paint and could cause flutter.

143
Q

True or false.

Any time a repair is made to an aircraft, the same material (alloy) must be used

A

True

144
Q

As an AME basic knowledge of aircraft materials is used to:

A

Correct choice of material for repair
Correct choice of surface treatments needed for corrosion
Understand load levels of fasteners

145
Q

3 classes to describe material properties and their descriptions

A

Mechanical, how a material acts/works (torsion)

physical, how a material described (balsa wood, Sitka spruce)

chemical, how a material reacts with other materials

146
Q

Examples of mechanical properties

A 
Plasticity
Ductility 
Malleability 
Brittleness 
Elasticity
Strength
Fatigue
Creep
147
Q

Examples of physical properties

A 
Electrical/conductivity
Thermal conductivity 
Magnetic conductivity 
Melting point
Specific gravity
Density
Colour
Thermal coefficient
148
Q

Examples of chemical properties

A

Oxidization
Reduction
Corrosion

149
Q

Phenomenon of progressive failure of a material due to cyclical induced cracking

A

Fatigue

150
Q

If we prevent tension loading on the surface ____can be prevented if not postponed

A

Fatigue failure

151
Q

A process that puts compressive load on the surface to counter tension loads which normally break a part. Done with metal balls, accurately shot at surface until smooth.

A

Shot peening

152
Q

Metal fatigue cracks can only start where metal is in ____ not ____

A

Tension, not compression

153
Q

Slow plastic deformation, change in geometry when parts subjected to load. Caused by load valued below materials yield point over time

A

Creep

154
Q

How do you check for blade creep

A

Use a feeler gauge to measure thickness between blade and encasing ring

155
Q

Temperature which material will change from solid to liquid

A

Melting point

156
Q

Comparison of weight of given volume with equal volume of demineralized water.

A

Specific gravity

157
Q

Weight per unit volume of a material

A

Density

158
Q

Ability of material to reflect and absorb different wavelengths of light energy

A

Colour

159
Q

The change in the physical dimension of a material due to its level of thermal energy

A

Thermal coefficient of expansion

160
Q

Two metals bonded with different coefficients of expansion.

A

Bimetal strip

161
Q

Combination of an element with oxygen to form an oxide. Result physical, chemical and mechanical properties differ drastically from the original element properties

A

Oxidation

162
Q

Removal of oxygen from a compound or oxide to isolate element

A

Reduction

163
Q

Undesirable attack on a material. May take form of atmospheric, submarine, subterranean or electrolytic attack.

A

Corrosion

164
Q

Derives it’s scale numbers from the DEPTH of the imprint it makes in the metal. Uses diamond cone

A

Rockwell

165
Q

Diagonal measurement of hardness testing. Measure impression diagonals

A

Vickers

166
Q

Hardness number derived from DIAMETER of indentation in test piece. Use microscope

A

Brinell

167
Q

Derived by depth of indentation. Used for soft metals.

A

Barcol

168
Q

Ability of material to resist tearing under bending or tensile loads

A

Toughness

169
Q

Materials resistance that opposes deformation due to applied external load. Measured in kpi

A

Stress

170
Q

The degree of deformation due to stress

A

Strain

171
Q

Testing materials to their failure point to find their ultimate strength

A

Destructive testing

172
Q

Point where permanent deformation takes place. Plastic

A

Yield point

173
Q

Point just prior to failure

A

Ultimate tensile strength

174
Q

What region precedes the yield point

A

Elastic region

175
Q

Columns of stacked cells

A

Cellulose Fibre

176
Q

Complex of thermoplastic matrix which holds the fibers in position.

A

Lignin

177
Q

The living rings of cells between the heartwood and outside of the tree (bark)

A

Sapwood

178
Q

The dormant rings of cells starting with the pith and radiating out. Preferred lumber source

A

Heartwood

179
Q

The very center column of cells, the first growth of the tree

A

Pith

180
Q

Growth layer. The cell manufacturing layer between the sapwood and the bark

A

Cambium

181
Q

The covering of the tree which provides the tree with protection. Dead and dry

A

Bark

182
Q

The large cell concentration produced in cooler wetter conditions

A

Springwood

183
Q

Smaller more dense cell concentration produced during warmer, drier conditions

A

Summerwood

184
Q

This wood comes from deciduous trees. Angiosperms (seeds have coverings like fruit)

A

Hardwood

185
Q

This wood comes from coniferous (cone-bearing) trees. Gymnosperms (no seed covering)

A

Softwood

186
Q

The standard wood for all wood used in aircraft structures.

A

Sitka spruce

187
Q

Method of sawing dimensional lumber from a log to produce a board with the growth rings perpendicular to the face of the board. Results most stable, highest quality lumber being produced

A

Quarter sawing

188
Q

Quarter sawn exhibits ____grain

A

Vertical

189
Q

Plain or flitch sawn lumber exhibits ____grain

A

Angular or flat

190
Q

Refers to alternating regions of darker and lighter wood resulting from the differing growth parameters in different seasons

A

Grain

191
Q

This shrinkage occurs perpendicular to growth lines

A

Lineal shrinkage

192
Q

Shrinkage occurs parallel to growth rings

A

Tangential

193
Q

What shrinkage is the largest dimension of shrinkage that often causes checking

A

Tangential

194
Q

A form of wood, one piece

A

Solid

195
Q

A form of wood, more than one piece with grain running the same direction

A

Laminated

196
Q

Form of wood, more than one piece with grain running different directions

A

Plywood

197
Q

Max grain deviation

A

1:15 rise over run

198
Q

Ac43.13 lists minimum and naxinum ring count for Aircraft wood at ______rings per inch

A

6 and 15

199
Q

What ring count is preferred according to ac43.13

A

12-15

200
Q

When viewed from end, a board face edge will have an angle between it and growth rings, between ______

A

45-90⁰, 45 is minimum. 90 is ideal

201
Q

A portion of a branch that is embedded in wood of a tree trunk

A

Knot

202
Q

When two growth rings separate along their circumferential surfaces, a sticky solution fills the gaps

A

Pitch pocket

203
Q

Environmental imbalance causes tree to compensate by growing dense wood on one side of trunk. A pith is offset from center. Excess of summerwood. Too brittle for use.

A

Compression wood

204
Q

Natural result of bound water reduction in logs from saturated state to required equilibrium water content less than 15% of the weight. Not permitted in certified wood

A

Checks

205
Q

A moisture content of ____ in wood is approved. ___is preferred

A

8-15%, 10-12% preferred

206
Q

Separation of cells in any direction from mechanical force. Can be caused by a check in drying process

A

Splits

207
Q

What are indications of decay

A

Softening, swelling, discolored, bad odor

208
Q

How do you check wood for decay

A

Pick at it with knife, chunks out means rot. Can also check for hollow sound with tap test.

209
Q

What must wood be protected with

A

Quality marine varnish (2 part epoxy)

210
Q

Plasticized lacquer that is applied to fabric covered aircraft. Tightens and stiffens.

A

Dope

211
Q

The gold standard glue used in wood repairs

A

Resorcinol formaldehyde synthetic resin glue

212
Q

Obsolete glue used in aviation due to short life in hot moist conditions

A

Urea formaldehyde resin glue

213
Q

Sometimes reduced in hot moist environments

A

Epoxy resin araldite

214
Q

Plastic that can be reheated and reformed. Ex: Lignin

A

Thermoplastic Resin

215
Q

Plastic that once set, cannot be reheated and reformed. Ex: Epoxy

A

Thermosetting Plastic Resin

216
Q

Unique low frictional coefficient, high toughness, electrical insulation, resists heat, high impact strength, gear used to drive distribution wiper in aircraft magneto

A

Nylon

217
Q

Thermoplastic resin with nylon slipperiness. Proper name is polytetrafluoroethylene. Toughness of this and low friction coefficient makes it a good bearing material. No lubrication needed due to low friction

A

Teflon

218
Q

Disadvantages of polyester resin

A

High cure shrink, limited working time, moderate mechanical properties,

219
Q

2 part adhesive that gives off heat due to chemical reaction. Exothermic reaction.

A

Epoxy

220
Q

This can be a brittle substance of a 2 part adhesive used to paint aircraft. Adding softeners can make it not chip at all

A

Epoxy paint

221
Q

What is an example of a phenol formaldehyde resin or phenolic.

A

Micarta, bakelite, formica

222
Q

Reinforcing fiber that is added to phenolic too give toughness

A

Flox

223
Q

Examples of flox used in phenolic formaldehyde resins

A

Linen, cotton, glass, nylon , paper

224
Q

____ agents used to thicken and reinforce thermosetting plastic resins.

A

Thixotropic

225
Q

Examples of thixotropic additives

A

Microbaloons,

226
Q

A chemical process for converting rubber or related polymers into more durable materials via addition of Sulfur or other relevant curative or accelerators

A

Vulcanization

227
Q

Aviation sealants are 2 parts mixed by __

A

Weight

228
Q

Organic natural sources of covering fabric

A

Cotton, linen and silk

229
Q

Synthetic sources of fabric covering

A

Polyester, glass, nylon

230
Q

Grade A cotton must have a min tensile strength of ___per inch

A

80lbs

231
Q

How can you test integrity of fabric

A

With seyboth or Maule test

232
Q

Service strength of fabric must be __ of original

A

70%

233
Q

Process of dipping fabric into caustic soda then rolling in a calendar mill to increase strength, Lustre and lay out knap (little stray fibers)

A

Mercerizing

234
Q

More threads, one direction

A

Uni-directional

235
Q

Same number of threads in both directions

A

Bi-directional

236
Q

Where is the warp of the fabric located?

A

Along the salvage edge, running down the roll

237
Q

Where is the fill located

A

Across the fabric, from salvage edge to salvage edge.

238
Q

Used originally on cotton, highly flammable, cotton fibers dissolved with nitric acid along with other additives.

A

Nitrate dope

239
Q

Developed by the US Navy, cellulose fibers dissolved in acetic said and butyric acid plus additives. Less adhesive, less flammable

A

Butyrate dope

240
Q

Why is butyrate dope added on top of nitrate dope?

A

Nitrate dope is more adhesive and will stick to fabric better. Butyrate sticks better directly to nitrate dope

241
Q

What is added to dope to protect from UV rays

A

Aluminum powder

242
Q

Glass resistant to electricity, good resistance to fatigue, high strength, 98% of fibers borosilicate glass.

A

E-Glass

243
Q

Structural glass, lighter and stronger than E-glass,

A

S-Glass

244
Q

This material is made from nylon, impact resistant “bulletproof”, high tensile strength, low compressive strength, not used on critical structures, absorbs water, requires special tools to cut

A

Aramid Fibers (Kevlar)

245
Q

This material is high tensile strength, lightweight, black in colour, fails without warning when stress limit is reached, negative coefficient of thermal expansion, causes issues with thermal balance

A

Carbon fiber

246
Q

This material is very stiff and has Hugh tensile and compressive strength. Usually prepreg, large diameter makes it hard to bond to curved surfaces, used to repair aluminum, barbed molecules hazardous to health

A

Boron fibers

247
Q

The performance of a composite structure depends on what.

A

The orientation of the fibers

248
Q

What are some honeycomb core materials?

A

Paper, nomex, carbon, fiberglass, metal,

249
Q

How do you inspect for delamination

A

Tap test, soft/desd sound indicates delamination

250
Q

Impact damaged honeycomb is repaired with a ____or ____ type repair

A

Scarf or patch

251
Q

Heat sources used for composite repair

A

Oven, autoclave, heat blanket, heat lamp, hot air systems.

252
Q

Corrosion resistant steel most often used in aviation?

A

18-8 (chromium and nickel)

253
Q

What is quasi-isotropic layup

A

Multiple layers of materials all differing by 45 degrees in orientation

254
Q

Three designs of wing construction?

A

Monospar, multispart and box beam

255
Q

Carbon fiber advantages

A

High strength, corrosion resistance

256
Q

Tempering always follows ____ never precedes

A

Hardening

257
Q

What’s the difference between carbon and graphite planes?

A

Graphite is 3d, carbon is 2d

258
Q

Types of wooden ribs?

A

Plywood web, lightened plywood web, truss types

259
Q

Max years fabric can be in service

A

15-20 years

260
Q

What does magnesium silicon allow in an alloy?

A

Makes alloy heat treatable

261
Q

What does the first digit in the wrought aluminum designation indicate?

A

Identifies the alloy type

262
Q

Main types of aircraft structures?

A

Truss and monocoque

263
Q

Firewalls can be made of what steel?

A

Stainless steel

264
Q

How do you cut dry prepreg fabric?

A

With a special knife

265
Q

What does Sulfur do when added to metal?

A

Improves machinability

266
Q

Aluminum alloy mostly used for fuel tanks?

A

5052, 3003

267
Q

Purpose of stringers?

A

Give shape, attach skin, prevent tension and compression from bending fuselage

268
Q

Aluminum alloys commonly hardened by?

A

Cold working

AMT V1-22 (8 decks)

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