genetic explanations Flashcards
1
Q
Aubrey lewis 1936:
findings and what does it suggest?
A
- 37% had parents with OCD
- 21% had siblings with OCD
- suggests OCD runs in families
- genetic vulnerability
2
Q
what is the diathesis-stress model?
A
certain genes make some people more likely to develop a mental disorder but it’s not certain
- environmental stress (experience) is necessary to trigger the condition
3
Q
what are candidate genes?
A
- a gene that creates vulnerability for OCD
- some of these genes are involved in regulating the development of the serotonin system
4
Q
what does it mean by OCD is polygenic?
A
OCD is not caused by one single gene but by a combination of genetic variations that together increase vulnerability
5
Q
steven Tayloy 2013
A
- analysed previous studies that found evidence that up to 230 different genes may be involved in OCD
- dopamine and serotonin are both neurotransmitters believed to have a role in regulating mood
6
Q
what is aetiologically heterogeneous?
A
origins of OCD vary from one person to another
- evidence to suggest that different types of OCD may be the result of particular genetic variations
7
Q
LIMITATION; environmental risk factors
A
- OCD does not appear to be entirely genetic as there’s can also be environmental risk factors that can increase the risk of developing OCD
- Cromer et al 2007 over half the OCD clients in their sample had experienced a traumatic event in their past
- OCD was more severe in people with more trauma
- genetic vulnerability only provides a partial explanation for OCD
8
Q
STRENGTH; Nestadt et al 2010
A
- strongly suggests that people are vulnerable to OCD as a result of their genetic makeup
- nestdat reviewed twin studies
- 68% of identical MZ shared OCD
- 31% of non-identical DZ twins
- family studies - a person with a family member diagnosed with OCD is around 4x more likely to develop it than someone without Marini and Stebnicki 2012
