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Pharm > Mod 4 - Psychotherapeutic Meds > Flashcards

Mod 4 - Psychotherapeutic Meds Flashcards

1
Q

what is a chemical synapse?

A

a connection between 2 neurons or neuron and target, where a neurotransmitter diffuses across a very short distance

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2
Q

what is a electrical synapse

A

a connection between 2 neurons or a neuron and target, where ions flow directly through channels spanning their adjacent cell membranes

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3
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

acts as a relay for sensory pathways

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4
Q

what is the fn of norepi

A

fight or flight

abnormal levels = depression, decreased alertness, dec. interest, palpitations, anxiety and panic attacks

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5
Q

what is the fn of dopamine

A

linked to motor and cognition

abnormal levels = ADHD, paranoia, schizophrenia

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6
Q

what are the fns of serotonin

A

many body processes (sleep, libido, mood, temp regulation)

abnormal = depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, body disorders

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7
Q

what are the fns of GABA

A

inhibitory, assists with communication in the brain

low levels = anxiety, seizures, mania, impulse control

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8
Q

what are the fns of glutamate

A

excitatory

works with GABA

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9
Q

what are S+S of anxiety

A 
aches/pains (stomach, body, head)
inc. HR
trembling 
sweating
difficulty concentrating
inc. agitation
crying
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10
Q

depression S+S

A 
sleep dec
interest dec
guilt
energy dec
concentration difficulties
appetite/weight changes
psychomotor agitation/retardation
suicidal ideation
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11
Q

bipolar S+S

A 
rapid speech
hyperactivity
reduced need for sleep
flight of ideas
grandiosity
poor judgement
aggression
risky sexual behaviour
neglect basic self care
dec impulse control
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12
Q

what are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized thinking and behaviour

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13
Q

what are some neg symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
apathy
lack of motivation
blunted affect
poverty of speech
anhedonia (lack of interest in activities once enjoyed)
avoidance of relationships
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14
Q

what are some cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

poor decision making
loss of memory
distracted
difficulty focusing

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15
Q

what are some S+S of ADHD

A

hyperactivity
inability to conc
difficulty with self-control
lack of emotional control

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16
Q

what are psychotherapeutic medications used for

A

to stimulate or depress neurotransmitter effects (fix the balance), can potential or block the activity of NT

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17
Q

what class is fluoxentine

A

SSRI (antidepressant)

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18
Q

what are the uses of fluoxetine

A

depression, OCD

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19
Q

what is the action of fluoxetine

A

inhibit reuptake of serotonin

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20
Q

what are the OE of fluoxetine

A

SS, NMS, manic symp, insomnia, inc. risk suicide, sexual dysfunction

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21
Q

what are some nursing considerations of fluoxetine

A

do not stop abruptly, 12 wk before therapeutic effect, monitor mood changes, monitor for NMS and SS, give in the morning to lower chance on insomnia, grapefruit juice avoid

22
Q

what class is venlafaxine

A

SNRI (antidepressant)

23
Q

what are the uses of venlafaxine

A

MDD, GAD

24
Q

what is the action of venlafaxine

A

inhibit the reuptake of norepi and serotonin

25
Q

what are the OE of venlafaxine

A 
inc suicidality
SS
NMS
inc BP
headache
anxiety
insomnia
dec. app.
agitation
restlessness
sexual dysfunction
26
Q

what are the nursing considerations for venlafaxine

A

assess SI, app., SS, NMS
administer with food to dec. GI upset,
do not stop abruptly
takes up to 8 wk for effect

27
Q

lithium class

A

antimania

28
Q

lithium use

A

acute mania and bipolar 1

29
Q

lithium action

A

alters sodium transport in nerve and muscle cells, effects a shift toward intraneuronal metabolism of catecholamine

(sodium = important with electrical stimulation of cells)

30
Q

lithium OE

A

toxicity (hyponatremia, tremor, cardiac arrhythmia, polyuria, thirst, seizures)

31
Q

lithium nursing considerations

A 
therapeutic range = 0.8-1.2 mEq/L
administer with food
monitor serum levels
assess mental status
intake/output ratio
regular blood work
maintain hydration and Na+
32
Q

lorazepam class

A

benzodiazepine

33
Q

lorazepam uses

A

anxiety disorders, epileptics

34
Q

lorazepam action

A

bind to specific GABA receptors to potentiate GABA effects

35
Q

lorazepam OE

A

sedation
dec. alertness
respiratory depression
constipation

36
Q

lorazepam nursing considerations

A

prolonged treatment leads to dependance, avoid alcohol for 24-48 hr after, drowsiness and driving, do not stop abruptly, antidote = flumazenil (higher affinity)

37
Q

haloperidol class

A

1st gen antipsychotic (conventional)

38
Q

haloperidol uses

A

schizophrenia

39
Q

haloperidol action

A

block dopamine receptors in the CNS (limbic system, basal ganglia)

40
Q

haloperidol OE

A 
EPS (akathisia, acute dystonia, NMS, tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism)
NMS
sedation
hypotension
dry mouth
41
Q

haloperidol nursing considerations

A

drowsiness and driving
alcohol
NMS monitor
change position slowly

42
Q

Risperidone class

A

2nd gen antipsychotic (atypical)

43
Q

Risperidone uses

A

schizophrenia, also manic episodes, and irritability in autism

44
Q

Risperidone action

A

block dopamine receptors in the CNS

45
Q

Risperidone OE

A

NMS, seizures, EPS, insomnia, headache, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth, hypotension

46
Q

Risperidone nursing considerations

A

drowsiness and driving
alcohol
monitor SI, NMS
change position slowly

47
Q

Benzotropine class

A

anticholinergic

48
Q

Benzotropine uses

A

manage EPS

49
Q

Benzotropine action

A

block excitatory cholinergic pathways, restores dopamine/acetylcholine balance

50
Q

Benzotropine OE

A

dry eyes, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, dilated pupils, hypotension

51
Q

Benzotropine nursing considerations

A 
do not stop abruptly
drowsiness and driving
change position slowly
eye drops,
pee then dose
fluids, fiber, ambulation, laxatives
suglasses
candies/water

Pharm (9 decks)

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