pleural effusion Flashcards
1
Q
symptoms
A
dyspnoea
reduced exercise tolerance
chest pain
2
Q
signs
A
tracheal deviation
reduced chest expansion
stoney dullness on percussion
quiet breath sounds
3
Q
protein content - exudative
A
> 35g/L
4
Q
protein content - transudate
A
< 35g/L
5
Q
exudative causes
A
infection malignancy rheumatoid arthritis SLE pulmonary infarct trauma
6
Q
transudative causes
A
congestive heart failure nephrotic syndrome liver cirrhosis GI malabsorprtion Meig's syndrome
7
Q
CXR
A
blunting costophrenici angle
white out - if large
8
Q
pleural fluid analysis - protein 25-35g/L
A
eqiuvocal - need to apply Light’s criteria
9
Q
Light’s criteria
A
effusion is exudate if
- pleural fluid:serum protein ratio >0.5
- pleural fluid:serum LDH ration >0.6
- pleural fluid LDH is >2/3 upper limit serum LDH
10
Q
pleural fluid analysis: low glucose
A
RA
TB
malignancy
11
Q
pleural fluid analysis: pH in empyema
A
< 7.2
12
Q
pleural fluid analysis: immunology
A
RF - RA
ANA - SLE
