Emulsifying agents Flashcards
What types of anionic emulsifying agents do you know?
O/W
- Alkali metal ammonium soaps
- sodium serate
- potassium laurate
- Organic soaps
- triethanolamine stearate (triethanolamine + stearic acid)
- Sulphated and sulphonated compounds
- sodium lauryl sulphate
- sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
What types of anionic emulsifying agents do you know?
W/O
- Divalent and trivalent metal soals
- oleic acid + calcium hydroxide (calcium oleate)
What types of cationic emulsifying agents do you know?
Cetyl trimethylammonium bromite
aka cetrimid
weak o/w agent
what types of non ionic emulsifying agents do you know
w/o
sorbitan esters
span 20,40,60 and 80
What types of non-ionic emulsifying agents do you know?
o/w
- Polysorbates
- Tween 20,40,60 and 80
- Fatty alcohol polyglycol esters
- polyethylene glycol monocetyl ether
- Fatty acid polyglycol esters
- polyoxyl stearates (polyethylene 40 stearate)
- Poloxalcohols
- poloxamer 401
- higher fatty alcohols
- hexadecyl(cetyl) and octadecyl(stearyl) alcohols
Agetns for O/W emulsions
- Sodium stearate
- potassium laurate
- triethanolamine stearate
- sodium lauryl sulphase
- sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
- cetyl trimthylammonium bromide
Tweens
- Polyethylene glycol monocetyl ether
- polyoxyl stearates
- Poloxamer 401
lecin
agents that form W/o emulsions
- calcium oleate (oleic acid + Calcium hydroxide)
- glyerol monostearate
- Spans
naturally occuring emulsifying agents
acacia: o/w
methylcellulose: o/w
lenoline: w/o
preservates for water vs oil phase
Often lipid and water soluble preservatives are combined:
• methylparabens (waterphase) and propylparabens (oilphase)
Describe Humectants
- compounds capable of absorbing water from air
- used to reduce evaporation of water phase (preent drying)
ex: propylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol
List a few frequently used preservatives
benzoic acid, parabens, chlorocresol
quaternary ammonium compounds
organic mercurial compounds (phenylmercuric nitrate, thimerosal)
