fetal ABD wall defects

Question 1

gastroschisis is a small defect involving all the layers of the ventral wall
true/false

Answer 1

true

Question 2

where is a gastroschisis defect going to occur?

Answer 2

adjacent to ACI, almost always to the right w/ no membranous sac

Question 3

what is the sonographic appearance of gastroschisis?

Answer 3

• loops of bowel extending into amniotic cavity
• no membranous sac covering ABD contents
• normal to low AFI

Question 4

what are some associations with gastroschisis?

Answer 4

• women <20 have higher incidence of gastroschisis
• bowel related abnormalities
• gastroschisis usually not associated w/chromosomal abnormalities

Question 5

what are some probable causes of gastroschisis?

Answer 5

substance abuse
specific medications
smoking

Question 6

what is a midline defect that results in the herniation of intraabdominal structures into the base of the umbilical cord?

Answer 6

omphalocele

Question 7

what is most frequently seen within an omphalocele?

Answer 7

small bowel
liver
spleen
stomach
colon

Question 8

what is the membrane that surrounds an omphalocele made of?

Answer 8

peritoneum & amnion

Question 9

what is the sonographic appearance of an omphalocele?

Answer 9

• mass should be continuous w/ cord
• membrane should be identified
• document size & contents
• demonstrate intrahepatic umbilical vein coursing through defect

Question 10

what are the 5 abnormalities that make up pentalogy of cantrell?

Answer 10

anterior diaphragmatic hernia
omphaloele
cardiac defects
defect of diaphragmatic pericardium
lower sternal defect

Question 11

what is limb-body wall complex?

Answer 11

a rare, failure of the closure of the ventral body wall

Question 12

what are some abnormalities associated w/ limb-body complex?

Answer 12

• limb defects
• wall defects
• left side thoracic/abd wall defects more common than right side
• exencephaly (more severe form of ⬇️)
• encephalocele, typically in an unusual location
• w/ or w/o defects
• scoliosis

Question 13

what are some theories on the cause of limb-body wall complex?

Answer 13

• body-stalk dysmorphogenesis
• rupture of amnion from vascular disruption or mechanical compression
• severe form of amniotic band syndrome

Question 14

what is the sonographic appearance of limb-body wall complex?

Answer 14

• large ventral wall defect of abd & thorax
• cranial anomalies
• marked scoliosis &/or dysraphism
• limb defects
• short or absent umbilical cord
• amniotic bands

Question 15

what is amniotic band syndrome?

Answer 15

fibrous strands that entangle or trap various fetal parts