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Science 8 > Unit 4 Topic 1-3 Review > Flashcards

Unit 4 Topic 1-3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Lever

A

a machine consisting of a bar that is free to rotate around a fixed point, changing the amount of force that must be exerted to move an object

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2
Q

Fulcrum

A

the point of a lever that does not move

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3
Q

Effort force

A

the force supplied to any machine to produce an action

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4
Q

Load

A

the weight of an object that is moved or lifted by a machine, or the resistance to movement that a machine must overcome

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5
Q

Effort arm

A

in a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and the effort

force

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6
Q

Class 1 level

A

a lever in which the fulcrum is between the effort and

the load

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7
Q

Class 2 level

A

a lever in which the load is between the fulcrum and the effort

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8
Q

Class 3 level

A

a lever in which the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load

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9
Q

Inclined plane

A

a ramp or slope or reducing the force needed to lift something

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10
Q

Work

A

the transfer of energy through motion

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11
Q

Joules

A

a unit used to measure energy or work; 1 J = a force of 1 N moving through 1 m

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12
Q

Work input

A

Work input is work done on a machine to get the desired output. Work output is the amount of desired work that is done by a machine

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13
Q

Work output

A

In physics, work output is the work done by a simple machine, compound machine, or any type of engine model.

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14
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

the ratio of the force produced by a machine or system (the load) to the force applied to the machine or system

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15
Q

Speed

A

the rate of motion, or the rate at which an object changes its position

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16
Q

Ergonomics

A

the science of designing a home or work environment that best suits the human body in its various dimensions

17
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway surrounded by bones and ligaments on the palm side of the hand.

18
Q

syndrome

A

a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality or condition

19
Q

Winch

A

a machine consisting of a small cylinder, a crank or handle, and a cable; used for lifting and pulling

20
Q

Radius

A

the distance in a straight line from the center of a circle to the circle’s circumference (outer boundary)

21
Q

Wheel and Axel

A

a machine consisting of two turning objects attached to each other at their centers. One object causes the other to turn

22
Q

Gear

A

a rotating wheel-like device with teeth around its rim

23
Q

Gear train

A

a group of two or more gears that are meshed together

24
Q

Driving gear( driver)

A

the main gear that causes other gears to move; also called the driver

25
Q

Driven gear( follower)

A

a gear whose movement is caused by a driving gear;

also called follower

26
Q

Sprocket

A

a gear with teeth that fit into the links of a chain

27
Q

Speed ratio

A

the relationship between the speed of rotations of a smaller gear and a larger gear

28
Q

Pulley

A

a wheel with a grooved rim to guide a rope or chain that runs along the groove; used to transmit or change the direction of force

29
Q

Fixed Pulley

A

a pulley supported by an attachment to something that does not move, such as a ceiling, wall, or tree

30
Q

Moveable Bulley

A

A movable pulley is a pulley that is free to move up and down and is attached to a ceiling or other object by two lengths of the same rope.

31
Q

Block and tackle

A

a combination of fixed and movable pulleys; may be used to lift very heavy or awkward loads

32
Q

Compound Pulley

A

a combination of several pulleys working together

33
Q

Potential energy

A

stored energy

34
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion.

35
Q

Transmission

A

energy is transferred from one place to another, and no energy is changed or converted.

36
Q

Efficiency

A

the ratio of the useful work or energy provided by a

machine or system with the actual work or energy supplied to the machine or system

Science 8 (10 decks)

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