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4 - Y5 a Path lectures 2021/22 > Microbiology 6s: Zoonoses > Flashcards

Microbiology 6s: Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What is a zoonosis?

A
  • Diseases that pass between people and animals
  • 70%+ of emerging human infectious diseases come from animals
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2
Q

e.g.s of new emerging IDs from zoonoses?

A
  • viral haemorrhagic fever
  • resp diseases (MERS)
  • Novel influenza viruses (pH1N1)
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3
Q

Transmission of zoonoses?

A
  • Everyday contact with animals – scratches and bites
    • Traditional pets i.e. dogs and cats
    • Less traditional pets i.e. reptiles, rodents, chickens
  • By-products (faeces/urine) – contaminated soil, litter
  • Foodstuffs – carcass processing, milk and milking, raw/undercooked meats
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4
Q

Name some zoonotic infections (UK vs tropical + farm/wild vs pets)

A

farm/wild =

  • cattle
  • poultry
  • goats
  • pigs

companion pets =

  • Cats/dogs (ticks, mice/rodents)
  • Reptiles/amphibians
  • Fish
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5
Q

Name the UK based zoonotic infections

A
  • Campylobacter
  • Salmonella
  • Cat scratch disease / Bacilliary Angiomatosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Psittacosis
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6
Q

Name some tropical zoonotic infections

A
  • Brucellosis
  • Q fever
  • Rabies
  • Rat bite fever
  • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
  • Viral haemorrhagic fever
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7
Q

Pathogen causing Campylobacter?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

  • Gram -tive
  • Curved/’comma’ bacillus (rod)
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8
Q

Pathogen causing Salmonella?

A
  • Salmonella enterica
  • Salmonella bongori
  • gram -tive
  • baccillus (rod)
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9
Q

Pathogen causing cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae (immunocompetent)

  • Gram -tive
  • Curved/’comma’ bacillus (rod)
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10
Q

Pathogen causing Bacilliary Angiomatosis?

A

Bartonella henselae (immunocompromised)

  • Gram -tive
  • Curved/’comma’ bacillus (rod)
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11
Q

Pathogen causing toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii (parasite)

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12
Q

Pathogen causing Psittacosis?

A

Chlamydia psitticosis

  • RNA virus
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13
Q

Pathogen causing brucellosis?

A

B melitensis

B abortus

B suis

  • gram -tive
  • coccobacilli (small rods)
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14
Q

Pathogen causing Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

  • gram -tive
  • coccobacilli (small rods)
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15
Q

Pathogen causing Rabies?

A

Rabies lyssavirus

Australian bat lyssavirus

  • RNA viruses
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16
Q

Pathogen causing Rat bite fever?

A
  • Streptobacillus moniliformis
  • Spirillum minus
  • Gram -tive
  • spiral rods
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17
Q

Pathogen causing Hantavirus Respiratory syndrome?

A

Sin nombre virus

Black canal virus

Bayou virus

  • RNA viruses
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18
Q

Pathogen causing viral haemorrhagic fever?

A

Ebola virus

Marburg virus

Lassa virus

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV)

  • RNA viruses
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19
Q

Reservoir of campylobacter?

A

Poultry, cattle → consumption

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20
Q

Reservoir of salmonella?

A

S. enterica: chicken, eggs → consumption

S. bongori: lizards → consumption of droppings

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21
Q

Reservoir of Bartonella henselae?

A

Kittens → Cat scratches, bites, licking open wounds, fleas

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22
Q

Reservoir of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Cats, sheep → Eating infected meat, eating cat droppings

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23
Q

Reservoir of Chlamydia psitticosis?

A

Birds e.g., parrots

→ Eating resp secretions, faeces or feather dust

→ Breathing in above (Aerosolisation)

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24
Q

Reservoir of:

Brucella melitensis

Brucella abortus

Brucella suis

A

B melitensis: goat/sheep

B abortus: cows

B suis: pigs

→ Eating unpasteurised milk/cheese, undercooked goat/beef/pork

→ Mucosal splash

→ breathing in stuff (aerosolisation)

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25
Q

Reservoir of Coxiella burnetii?

A

Farm animals: goats, sheep, cows

→ Eating birth products, urine, faeces, & milk

→ Aerosolisation of above

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26
Q

Reservoir of:

Rabies lyssavirus

Australian bat lyssavirus

A

Rabies lyssavirus: dog/cat

Australian bat lyssavirus

→ Bites, scratches

→ Contact w/ infected fluid

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27
Q

Reservoir of

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Spirillum minus?

A

Rats

→ bites

→ Contact w/ infected urine or droppings

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28
Q

Reservoir of

Sin nombre virus

Black canal virus

Bayou virus

A

Sin nombre virus: deer/white-footed mouse

Black canal virus: cotton rat

Bayou virus: rice rat

→ Contact w/ infected urine or droppings

→ Aerosolisation

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29
Q

Reservoir of

Ebola virus

Marburg virus

Lassa virus

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV)

A

Ebola & Marbug: bats

Lassa: rats

CCHFV: ticks

→ Contact w/ fluids of infected animals

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30
Q

Sx of Campylobacter?

A

GI: diarrhoea, bloating, cramps

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31
Q

Sx of Salmonella?

A

General: fever

GI: diarrhoea, vomiting

32
Q

Sx of cat scratch disease?

A
  • General: FLAWS
  • Pustular macule at site
  • Regional adenopathy
33
Q

Sx of Bacilliary Angiomatosis?

A
  • Skin papules
  • Disseminated multi-organ & vasculature involvement
  • bursting of vessels in organs & tissues
34
Q

Sx of toxoplasmosis?

A
  • General: fever
  • Adenopathy
  • Progressive visual, hearing, motor, cognitive decline
  • Neuro: seizures, neuropathies (immunocompromised)
  • STILLBIRTH
35
Q

Sx of psitticosis?

A

1-4 weeks post-exposure

  1. General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache)
  2. ~ ATYPICAL pneumonia
36
Q

Sx of brucellosis?

A
  • General: FLAWS
  • Back pain
  • Orchitis
  • Focal abscesses (psoas, liver)
37
Q

Sx of Q fever (coxiella burnetii)?

A
  • General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache)
  • CVS: endocarditis
  • Resp: pneumonia
  • GI: hepatitis
  • Focal abscesses e.g. paravertebral/ discitis
38
Q

Sx of rabies?

A
  • General: fever
  • Other: mouth foaming
  • Neuro: headache, seizures, agitation, confusion
39
Q

Sx of rat bite fevere?

A

2-10 days post-exposure

  1. Fever, polyarthralgia, maculopapular → purpuric rash
  2. Endocarditis
40
Q

Sx of Huntavirus pulmonary syndrome?

A

2-4 weeks post-exposure

  1. Fever, myalgia, headache, SOB, N&V
  2. ARDS, hypotension, shock
41
Q

Sx of viral haemorrhagic fever?

A
  • General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache)
  • Myalgia
  • Bleeding
42
Q

Ix for campylobacter?

A

stool culture

43
Q

Ix for salmonella

A

stool culture

44
Q

Ix for cat scratch disease?

A

serology

45
Q

Ix for Bacilliary Angiomatosis (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Histopathology

Serology

46
Q

Ix for toxoplasmosis?

A

Serology

(Sabin Feldman Dye)

47
Q

Ix for psittacosis?

A

Serology

PCR

48
Q

Ix for brucellosis?

A

Blood/pus culture (Castaneda medium)

Serology

49
Q

Ix for Q fever (coxiella)?

A

serology

50
Q

Ix for rabies?

A

Serology

Brain biopsy

51
Q

Ix for rat bite fever?

A

Joint fluid MC&S

Blood culture

52
Q

Ix for Huntavirus pulmonary syndrome?

A

Serology

PCR

53
Q

Ix for viral haemorrhagic fever?

A

Serology

PCR

54
Q

Mx campylobacter

A

supportive

55
Q

Mx salmonella

A

Supportive

Ciproflaxin/azithromycin

56
Q

Mx cat scratch disease

A

Erythromycin /doxycycline

57
Q

Mx Bacilliary Angiomatosis?

A

Erythromycin + Rifampicin

58
Q

Mx toxoplasmosis?

A

Mother +tive, baby -tive = Spiramycin

Mother +tive, baby +ive = Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine (until 1yo)

59
Q

Mx psitticosis?

A

Doxycycline

60
Q

Mx brucellosis?

A

Doxycycline AND

Gentamycin // Rifampicin

61
Q

Mx Q fever?

A

Doxycycline

+ ~ Hydroxyquinolone

62
Q

Mx rabies?

A

Ig

Rabies vaccine

63
Q

Mx rat bite fever?

A

Penicillin

64
Q

Mx Huntavirus resp syndrome?

A

supportive

65
Q

Mx Viral haemmorhagic fever?

A

supportive

66
Q

DDx

GI: diarrhoea, bloating, cramps?

A

campylobacter

67
Q

DDx

General: fever

GI: diarrhoea, vomiting

A

Salmonella

68
Q

DDx

  • General: FLAWS
  • Pustular macule at site
  • Regional adenopathy
A

Cat scratch disease

Bartonella henselae (immunocompetent)

69
Q

DDx

  • Skin papules
  • Disseminated multi-organ & vasculature involvement
  • bursting of vessels in organs & tissues
A

Bacillary angiomatosis

Bartonella henselae (Immunocompromised)

70
Q

DDx

  • General: fever
  • Adenopathy
  • Progressive visual, hearing, motor, cognitive decline
  • Neuro: seizures, neuropathies (immunocompromised)
  • STILLBIRTH
A

toxoplasmosis

71
Q

DDx

1-4 weeks post-exposure

  1. General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache)
  2. ~ ATYPICAL pneumonia
A

psitticosis

72
Q

DDx

  • General: FLAWS
  • Back pain
  • Orchitis
  • Focal abscesses (psoas, liver)
A

Brucellosis

73
Q

DDx

  • General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache)
  • CVS: endocarditis
  • Resp: pneumonia
  • GI: hepatitis
  • Focal abscesses e.g. paravertebral/ discitis
A

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)

74
Q

DDx

  • General: fever
  • Other: mouth foaming
  • Neuro: headache, seizures, agitation, confusion
A

Rabies

75
Q

DDx

2-10 days post-exposure

  1. Fever, polyarthralgia, maculopapular à purpuric rash
  2. Endocarditis
A

rat bite fever

(Streptobacillus moniliformis // Spirillum minus

rats)

76
Q

DDx

2-4 weeks post-exposure

  1. Fever, myalgia, headache, SOB, N&V
  2. ARDS, hypotension, shock
A

Huntavirus respiratory syndrome

Sin nombre virus

Black canal virus

Bayou virus

  • mouse/rats
77
Q

DDx

  • General: fever, flu-like (myalgia, headache)
  • Bleeding
A

Viral haemmorhagic fever

4 - Y5 a Path lectures 2021/22 (37 decks)

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