Theory inequalities ethnic

Question 1

Functionalist

Answer 1

Patterson

Parson

Question 2

Marxist

Answer 2

Cox

Castles and Kosack

Question 3

Neo - Marxist

Answer 3

Solomos et al

Lawrence

Question 4

Postmodern

Answer 4

Vertorec
Gill
Back

Question 5

Brewer

Answer 5

Black feminism
class, gender and race combine to cerate multiple sources of deprivation and inequality. Triple system theory. support by abortt - white femist view, speaking on behalf of black feminist.

Question 6

Mirza

Answer 6

Black feminism challenged dominant images of black women as passive victims of racism, patriarchy and social class. therefore, challenges the stereotypical description of ethnic minorities women.

Question 7

Moodood et al

Answer 7

cultural
disadvantages are linked to cultural traditions .
Bangladesh women, in particular, have especially low economic activity, although a loss of this may be hidden in the form of homework.

Question 8

Dale et al

Answer 8

cultural
Younger women are more likely to participation in the labour market and speak fluent English, although many of these women accepted that family and work patterns may change when married

Question 9

Sewell

Answer 9

cultural ( new right)
Blamed single mothers for there inequality. Young black males who do not have fathers in their lives turn to the media e.g rapper, get rich quick through criminal acts like selling me drugs, achieving money through non-legitimate means.
Hypermasculinity created an anti-school attitude.

Question 10

Robert

Answer 10

cultural
Robert claims this is because Asian immigrants brought strong entrepreneurial traditions, in contrast to the bitter experiences of colonialism and slavery that may have caused anti-enterprise attitudes amongst African Caribbean groups.

Question 11

Patterson

Answer 11

Functionalism
Host immigrant model.
these immigrants had a ‘culture clash’ with their British‘ host’. Argued that the British were not directly racist but were frightened and anxious due to the arrival of immigrants.
three causes of racial discrimination
1)The host fear of social change and difference
2)Resentment about having to compete for jobs (particularly amongst the working class)
3)The failure of ethnic minorities to assimilate e,g living in segregated communities and not learning the language
Believed immigrants would become more British and would then fit it
polices that reflects this
- citizen test ( based on bristh history and need a standard of English)

Question 12

parsons

Answer 12

Functionalist
if immigrants hold different values then this can lead to them to experience inequalities, not the fault of the system itself.
Parsons says that equality will come once there is assilmtion, the maintenance of social and collective solidarity meant that minority groups slowly adopt the majority.

Question 13

Cox

Answer 13

Marxist
direct relationship between capitalism and racism and that racsim would not have developed if capitalism did not exist.
European nations conquered other areas of the globe and exploited the workforce justifying this by claiming white Europeans were superior to other races.

Question 14

Castles and Kosack

Answer 14

Marxism
racism was fostered and encouraged in order to divide the proletariats and weaken their power to challenge the ruling class.
( ethnic group were apart of the reserved army of labour, low pay, low status work)

3 ideologies reason -

To legitimise - racism helps to justify low pay and poor working conditions because black workers are seen as second class citizens

To divided and rule - if black and white workers untie then there will be a revolution

To scapegoat - ethnic minorities are scapegoats for societies problems

Question 15

Solomos at el

Answer 15

neo marxism
Linked to capitalism and also linked to economic factors, government policies and the culture of ethnic minorities and the white working class. they explored government policies and the cultures of ethnic minorities and the white working class . ‘new racism’ has emerged

Question 16

Lawrence

Answer 16

Neo marxism
New racism emerge because;
The ruling class created and reinforced ideologies around the concept of British nation British people and British culture ( government police

There was high employment and economic instability and immigrants came to be seen as the source of the problem ( economic factors)

The cultures if the immigrant group were viewed in a negative way and as a threat to British society which was suffering from high crime rates and breakdown of family values ( culture clash

Question 17

vertorec

Answer 17

post modern
Super diversity- vast range of cultural values and norms displayed by new immigrants, mixed heritage is rising in the UK.
Explanation of racial and ethnic inequality is neglect this group and their experiences.

Question 18

Back

Answer 18

Post modern
Studied two council states in south London and found that black, white and Asian youths all shared friendships, fashion, slang, music- hybrid identity. They shared the same culture, they took part in cultural borrowing and were trying out new cultural masks.

Question 19

rex and tomlinson

Answer 19

weberian 
Acknowledges that a ‘ black underclass’ has emerged. 
This group sits below the white working class and refers to a group who face disadvantages in the labour market, income, housing and education, such as facing a concrete ceiling. 
Claim the black under class are marginalised, alienated and frustrated in their position. Claim due to their lower class and status, they are victims within capitalist societies

Question 20

Parkin

Answer 20

weberian
status
Status and power is held in the hands of the majority ethnic group, therefore making it difficult for an ethnic minority group to compete equally for jobs.

Status divide class

Negatively privileged status group, to ethnic minorities, argued that the ethnic majority (white British) use social closure to keep ethnic minority groups out of positions of authority and status. They face a concrete ceiling

Question 21

Barron and Norris

Answer 21

Weberian
dual labour market
Primary labour market - high pay, security, good working condition and favourable promotion prospect ( white British)

Secondary labour market - lower paid, lower status with less security inferior working conditions and few opportunities for a promotion
( black and minority ethnic group)

Question 22

Gill

Answer 22

post modern
Conducted a survey, finding out that blaisan meant asian people adopting black styles of dress and language and combined this with their own culture. Supporting Back’s argument about hybrid identities.

Question 23

Burdsey

Answer 23

a study on second and third generation British Asian footballers. Finding that they undertook code switching between their white identity when with peers and Asian identity when with parents. They wore a white mask when with peers by gambling and talking about pornography.

Question 24

Cultural

Answer 24

Moodood et al
Dale et al
Sewell ( new right)
Roberts

Question 25

Black Feminism

Answer 25

Brewer ( supporting Abbott et al)

Mirza

Question 26

Weberian

Answer 26

Rex and tomlimson
Parkin
Barron and Norris