Chapter 8- The Lived Environment

Question 1

What are the multiple meanings of community? (4)

Answer 1

• Geographical boundaries or social relationship (mutual trust and cooperation)
• Age-integrated or segregated
• Rural communities are disadvantageous (lower income, public transportation, housing, leisure, services)
• Small, medium and large population centres (over housed in empty nests, live closer to central core b/c of affordability in new areas or kicked out from gentrification)

Question 2

What are the three choices for independent older people to live? (3) + (1)

Answer 2

Home where they lived, another unit in same community, migrate to another community

• Aging in place maintains sense of identity and individuality

Question 3

Explain the ecological model of aging. (2)

Answer 3

• Attempts to explain links between aging individuals and their environment
• Based on ideas that adaptation involves interaction competence (physical/cognition) and press (demands of environment)

Question 4

Define salutogenic and pathogenic pathways (2)

Answer 4

Salutogenic: understanding of ideology of emotional and physical well-being

Pathogenic: processes that contribute to disease or illness

Question 5

List the challenges and adaptations people face as they age. (5)

Answer 5

• Risk of falls and injuries
• Loss of private transportation
• Crimes against older adults
• Use of technology
• Homelessness among older citizens

Question 6

List the categories and assessments of housing for older adults. (3)

Answer 6

• Independent to dependent
• Age integrated to age-segregated
• Low to high quality

Question 7

Describe independent housing.

Answer 7

• Majority of older Canadians are homeowners who age in place in family home
• Symbol of independence
• Familiar/supportive environment
• Link to community

Question 8

Describe supportive housing

Answer 8

• Combines shelter with a variety of services
• May be privately or publicly funded
• Informal support includes “accessory apartment” and home-sharing

Question 9

Describe Institutionalized Living

Answer 9

• Provides long-term care
• Established by provincial gov’t, charitable and religious organizations and for-profit entrepreneurs
• Decisions on who should be admitted to public-funded institutions are difficult
• Retirement homes are private, nursing homes are subsidized and regulated by the province
• Moving to an institution represents major change and can be difficult to adjust

Question 10

What are the reasons for changing places? (5)

Answer 10

• Retiring, widowed, changes in health
• Accommodate health limitations
• Closer to family
• Better neighbourhood
• More access to social and leisure services