Schizophrenia Studies Flashcards
Reliability of Schizophrenia diagnosis-Cheniaux-Method
Two psychologists had to independently diagnose 100 patients using both DSM and ICD criteria.
Reliability of Schizophrenia diagnosis-Cheniaux-Results
Inter-rater reliability was poor. One psychologist diagnosed 26 as schizophrenics according to DSM and 44 according to ICD. The other psychologist diagnosed 13 according to DSM and 24 according to ICD
Co-Morbidity-Buckley-Results
Around half of people diagnosed as schizophrenics also have a diagnosis of depression or substance abuse. PTSD occurred in 29% of cases and OCD in 23%
Gender Bias-Longenecker-Results
She concluded at since the 1980’s, men have been diagnosed with schizophrenia rather more than women
Genetic Risk of Schizophrenia-Gottesman-Results
Identical twins has a 48% risk of developing schizophrenia, the figure decreases as the genetic similarity decreases
Candidate Genes-Ripke-Method
A huge study was carried out combining all previous data from genome-wide studies of schizophrenia. The genetic make-up of 37000 patients was compared to that of 113000 controls
Candidate Genes-Ripke-Results
108 separate genetic variations was associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. The majority of these were associated with coding of neurotransmitters, including dopamine
Neural Correlates of Negative Symptoms- Juckel-Method
He measured the level of activity in the ventral striatum in schizophrenics and compared that to the ventral striatum of a non schizophrenic control group
Neural Correlates of Negative Symptoms- Juckel-Results
He found lower levels of activity in the schizophrenic’s ventral striatum. He also observed a negative correlation between activity levels in the ventral striatum and the severity of the negative symptoms.
Neural Correlates of Positive Symptoms-Allen-Method
He scanned the brains of patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and compared them to a control group, whist they identified pre-recorded speech as their own or someone else’s
Neural Correlates of Positive Symptoms-Allen-Results
He found lower activation levels in the superior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus in the hallucination group. They also made more errors that the control group
Supports Family Dysfunction-Read-Method
He reviewed 46 studies of child abuse and schizophrenia
Supports Family Dysfunction-Read-Results
He found that 69% of adult women in-patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia had an history of psychical abuse, sexual abuse or both in childhood. For men, the figure was 59%.
Supports Family Dysfunction-Berry-Results
Adults with insecure attachments to their primary carer are more likely to have schizophrenia
Dysfunctional Information Processing-Stirling-Method
He compared 30 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia with 18 non-patient controls on a range of cognitive tasks including the stroop test.
