KA1.4 - Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What determines a proteins shape and function?

A

The sequence/order of amino acids.

The protein is made of many different amino acids joined together, how many amino acids and their order impacts the protein’s function

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2
Q

The five types of protein are enzyme, …

A

Enzyme, structural, antibody, hormone, receptor

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3
Q

Enzymes are biological …

A

Catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions

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4
Q

Enzymes bind to what?

A

Substrates

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5
Q

An enzymes active site is … to the substrate

A

Complementary

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6
Q

What does complementary mean in the context of an enzyme and it’s substrate?

A

The enzyme’s active site and the substrate have matching shapes.

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7
Q

An enzyme is said to be specific, what does this mean?

A

That the enzyme only binds to it’s complementary substrate(s) and nothing else

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8
Q

An enzyme turns a substrate into a …

A

Product

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9
Q

Synthesis reactions are when multiple … substrates join together to make one … product

A

Smaller … larger.

Synthesis reactions are when multiple smaller substrates join together to make one larger product.

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10
Q

Describe a degradation reaction

A

When a large substrate is broken down into multiple smaller products.

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11
Q

An enzyme works … at it’s optimum conditions

A

best.

Every enzyme has it’s own optimum conditions for temperature and pH at which it works the best and speeds up chemical reactions the fastest.

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12
Q

What happens to an enzyme if the temperature is below the optimum temperature?

A

It slows down and doesn’t work as well.

Enzymes and substrates will move slower at lower temperatures and so will be less likely to bump into each other and bind.

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13
Q

When an enzyme becomes too hot it …

A

Denatures

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14
Q

What happens to an enzyme’s shape if it becomes denatured?

A

It’s permanently changed, so the substrate no longer fits into the active site. This slows the rate of reaction

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15
Q

If the pH of an enzyme’s environment is too low or high above the optimum what happens?

A

The enzyme denatures

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