module 13

Question 1

postterm newborn

Answer 1

inability of the placenta to provide adequate oxygen and nutrients to the fetus after 42 weeks
dry, cracked, wrinkled skin that may be meconium stained
long, thin extremities; long nails; creases cover entire soles of feet
abundant hair
thin umbilical cord
limited vernix

Question 2

what does the ballard score assess

Answer 2

estimated gestational age

Question 3

common problems of the poster newborn

Answer 3

perinatal asphyxia
hypoglycemia
hypothermia
polycythemia
meconium aspiration (if the baby is floppy there could be an obstruction so deep suction is needed)

Question 4

nursing management of the posterm newborn

Answer 4

resucitation
blood glucose level monitoring
initiate of feedings; iv dextrose 10%
prevention of heat loss
evaluation for polycythemia 
parental suport

Question 5

etiology leading to preterm birth

Answer 5

infection and inflammation
maternal or fetal distress
bleeding
stretching

Question 6

in a preterm baby

Answer 6

body system immaturity affecting the transition to extrauterine life

Question 7

common characteristics of a preterm baby

Answer 7

weight less than 5.5lbs 
scrawny appearance
poor muscle tone
minimal subq fat
undescended testes
plentiful lanugo (hair)
poorly formed ear pinna
fused eyelids

Question 8

common problems of preterm newborns

Answer 8

hypothermia
hypoglycemia
hyperbilirubinemia
immaturity of body systems

Question 9

nursing management of the preterm newborn

Answer 9

oxygenation
thermal regulation
nutrition and fluid balance
infection prevention
stimulation
pain management
growth and development
parental support: high risk status and possible loss
discharge prep

Question 10

low birth weight infant

Answer 10

,5.5 lbs or 2500 g

Question 11

very low birth weight

Answer 11

<3lb 5oz or 1500 g

Question 12

extremely low birth weight

Answer 12

< 2lb 3oz or 1000g

Question 13

conditions affecting fetal growth for SGA newborns

Answer 13

<28 weeks leading to overall growth restriction(never catch up in size)
>28 weeks intrauterine malnutrition (normal growth potential with optimal postnatal nutrition)

Question 14

what contributes to SGA newborns maternally

Answer 14

chronic hyper t
Diabetes TYPE 1
abuse
periodontal disease
malnutrition
low SES
what you would expect with any complication in pregnancy (smoking, alcohol, abuse, chemical exposure, no prenatal care)

Question 15

what contributes to SGA newborn newborn factors

Answer 15

placenta previa or insufficency
decreased surface area
low placental weight
genetic abnormality
chronic fetal infection
congenital abnormatiites
multiple fetal gestation

Question 16

nursing management of SGA newborns

Answer 16

weight, length head circ
serial blood glucose monitoring
vital signs 
early and frequent oral feedings; IV infusion of dextrose 10%
s/s of polycythemia

Question 17

LGA risk factors

Answer 17

maternal diabetes TYPE 2
multiparity
prior history of a macrocosmic infant
postdate gestation
obesity
male fetus

Question 18

LGA common characteristics

Answer 18

large body, plump, full faced
proportional increase in body size
poor motor skills
difficulty regulating behavioral status

Question 19

LGA common problems

Answer 19

birth trauma
hypoglycemia
polycythemia
hyperbilirubinemia

Question 20

nursing management for LGA

Answer 20

vitals
blood glucose
initiation of oral feedings with IV glucose supplementation as needed
s/s of polycythemia or hypoglycemia
hydration 
phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia