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S8- Diagnostic Imaging > W6- Ankle/Foot Reviewing Radiologic Images > Flashcards

W6- Ankle/Foot Reviewing Radiologic Images Flashcards

1
Q

What are some common views utilized to view the ankle? (4)

A
  • AP
  • AP Oblique (Mortise)
  • Lateral
  • Stress Views (Anterior Drawer Stress Test, Inversion/Eversion Stress Test)
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2
Q

What are some common views utilized to view the foot? (3)

A
  • AP
  • Lateral
  • Oblique
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3
Q

What are some things we can see with an AP view of the ankle? (5)

A
  • overlap of fibula and tibia
  • medial talar dome (can’t see mortise joint well)
  • lateral/medial malleolus
  • indiscernible tarsal bones
  • medial talar dome articulation with medial malleolus to create space for mortise joint
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4
Q

AP Ankle:

  • Can we see the mortise joint well in the AP view?
  • Does the lateral or medial malleolus extend more distal?
  • Are we able to distinguish tarsals in this view?
  • What may excessive space between the tibia and fibula be indicative of?
  • What may talar dome malposition be indicative of?
A
  • No
  • lateral malleolus
  • No
  • Consistent with syndesmotic ankle sprain
  • Fx or dislocation of foot/ankle
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5
Q

What view is utilized to see the mortise joint?

A

AP Oblique (Mortise)

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6
Q

What are some things we can see with an AP Oblique view of the ankle? (4)

A
  • mortise joint (talar dome, medial malleolus)
  • distance between tibia and fibula
  • talonavicular joint line
  • metatarsals
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7
Q

What are some things we can see with a lateral view of the ankle?

A
  • superimposition of tibia and fibula
  • subtalar joint (talus/calcaneus)
  • talonavicular joint (smooth joint lines)
  • navicular and medial cuneiform
  • superimposed metatarsals
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8
Q

What should we be concerned of when there is a fracture of the calcaneus due to high impact forces?

A

HIGH ASSOCIATION of THORACOLUMBAR COMPRESSION FRACTURES

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9
Q

What is the purpose of performing inversion/eversion stress views of the ankle? What could it indicate?

A
  • To determine if there is excessive motion.

- Could indicate fracture, instability, ligamentous integrity

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10
Q

What is the purpose of performing anterior drawer stress view of the ankle? What could it indicate?

A
  • Lateral view used to assess excessive anterior translation when anterior force placed on ankle.
  • Could indicate ATFL tear/rupture.
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11
Q

What are some things we can see with an AP view of the foot? (4)

A
  • talonavicular joint
  • transverse tarsal joint
  • navicular/cuboid/cuneiforms/metatarsal
  • proximal/intermediate/distal phalanges
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12
Q
  • What is the 1st intermetatarsal angle?

- What could it be indicative of?

A
  • Line bisecting 1st and 2nd metatarsal.

- Fx, dislocation, malposition

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13
Q

What are some things we can see with a lateral view of the ankle? (4)

A
  • talonavicular joint
  • navicular/medial cuneiform joint
  • calcaneal inclination
  • tarsal sinus
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14
Q

What is calcaneal inclination?

A

= line from calcaneus inferior surface to bottom of metatarsal joints (if excessive (~50 degrees) pes cavus, normal = 20-30)

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15
Q

What are some things we can see with an oblique view of the foot?

A
  • metatarsals
  • sesamoid bones
  • navicular/cuboid
  • lateral cuneiform
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16
Q

Where are foot sesamoid bones located?

A

flexor hallicus tendons

17
Q

-What are typically the first studies done for suspected bony and soft tissue abnormalities of the foot/ankle?

  • When would we use USI?
  • When would we use MRI?
  • When would we use CT?
  • When would we use bone scan?
A

-X-rays

  • Superficial soft tissue abnormalities.
  • Commonly for defining soft tissue injury, stress fractures, osteomyelitis.
  • Commonly for defining complex fractures, osteochondral lesions, tarsal coalition.
  • Screening the skeleton for metastases, local CRPS, potential occult fractures.
18
Q

What is the difference when it comes to advanced imaging studies of the foot vs ankle?

A 
Ankle = Done in regular planes.
-Foot = Planes oriented at oblique angles to see foot structures easily with slices.
19
Q

CT General Indications. (7)

A
  • FRACTURE/DISLOCATION/ALIGNMENT/DISPLACEMENT
  • TARSAL COALITION
  • Severe trauma
  • Loose bodies within joint
  • Osteochondral lesions
  • Pre-op planning
  • Health conditions typically viewed with MRI, if MRI is contraindicated
20
Q

MRI General Indications. (14)

A
  • OSTEOCHONDRAL LESIONS
  • Staging Disease (FRACTURES, STRESS FRACTURES)
  • Tendon disorders: Achilles, posterior tibial, fibulari
  • Ligament abnormalities: Medial & lateral ankle, syndesmotic
  • Impingement syndromes
  • Articular cartilage abnormalities
  • Neurologic conditions
  • Loose bodies
  • Plantar fasciopathy
  • Synovial disorders
  • Marrow abnormalities
  • Neoplasm
  • Infections
  • Congenital/ developmental conditions

S8- Diagnostic Imaging (21 decks)

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