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ESA 4 missing > missing misc > Flashcards

missing misc Flashcards

1
Q

A newborn baby has just been delivered and their checks are being done. On their back a small bubble is found in the distal aspect of their spine. A torch is shone through but it transilluminates poorly. A decision is made to repair this.

What is the name given to this condition

A

myelomeningocoele

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2
Q

which nucles biological clock

A

suprachiasmatic

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3
Q

feltys syndrome

A

RA, splenomegaly, neutropenia

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4
Q

fundal height at 12, 20, 36 and 37-40 weeks

A

12- pubic symphysis
20- umbillicus
36- xiphoid proces
37-40- regression

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5
Q

which muscle and nerve winging spatula

A

serratus anterior, long thoracic

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6
Q

unhappy triad

A

ACL, medial collateral, medial meniscus

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7
Q

what is full term

A

40 weeks

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8
Q

treatment aspergillus

A

amphotericin b

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9
Q

which enzyme oxidative stress

A

G6PD

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10
Q

pan drug resistance

A

non susceptibiliy to all agents in all categories

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11
Q

extensivley drug resistant

A

one agent or more in 2 or less categories

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12
Q

multi drug resistant

A

one agent in three or mroe categories

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13
Q

test to see if rash is non blanching

A

tumbler

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14
Q

compare strains of influenza

A

a- antigenic drift and shift

b, c- antigenic drift only

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15
Q

stage 1-5 ckd gfr values

A 
1- 90+
2- 60-89
3- 30-59
4- 15-29
5- 15 or less
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16
Q

what type of drug is buprenorphine

A

mixed agonist antagonsit

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17
Q

mechanism pilocarpine

A

muscarinic agonist

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18
Q

which antibiotic can cause hearing loss

A

gentamicin

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19
Q

reversible cell injury changes

A

Reversible cell changes include swelling (of both the cell and its organelles), blebs in the cell membrane, clumped chromatin, and the separation of ribosomes from the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

irreversible cell injury changes

A

-even further swelling of the cell and its organelles, rupture of lysosomes, membrane defects and breakdown of the endoplasmic reticulum.

There are also nuclear changes, such as: Pyknosis: irreversible condensation of chromatin and nuclear shrinkage. Karyolysis: dissolution of the nucleus. Karyorrhexis: destructive fragmentation of the nucleus.

21
Q

which vitamin can cirrhosed liver not store

A

vitamin a

22
Q

which cyp does carbemazepine induce

A

cyp3a4

23
Q

universal blood type

A

o-

24
Q

which type of allergic reaction involves the resp system

A

ige mediated

25
Q

describe the ducts for each of the salivary glands

A

● parotid gland - Stensen’s, anterior to the ear/SCM, inferior to the zygomatic
arch and posterior to the masseter
● The submandibular gland - Wharton’s duct, digastric triangle, below the
mandible
● sublingual glands have multiple minor excretory ducts per gland and are located under the tongue

26
Q

which branch of ECA supplies scalp

A

superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital

27
Q

patho of sinusitis

A

A primary upper respiratory tract infection causes reduced ciliary function, increased
mucosal secretions and increased oedema, which can lead to blocked ostia. (1) Blocked ostia can impair the drainage of sinuses, leading to stagnant pools of secretions in the sinus. (1) These can be secondarily infected by bacteria (1)

28
Q

dyspepsia definition

A

A complex of upper GI symptoms which are typically present for 4
or more weeks, including upper abdominal pain or discomfort, heartburn, acid
reflux, nausea and/ or vomiting.

29
Q

which receptor ranitidine

A

H2

30
Q

which surgery GORD

A

fundoplication

31
Q

precursor of progesterone or oestrogen

A

cholesterol

32
Q

2 drugs affecting COCP effectiveness

A

Þ anti-epileptics (carbamazepine, phenytoin)

Þ antibiotics (rifampicin, rifabutin)

33
Q

CXR COPD

A

Flattened right and left hemidiaphragms. Hyperlucency of lungs. Hyperinflated
lungs. Increased number of anterior ribs seen.

34
Q

cushings syndrome

A

Iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome is caused by medical treatment (1) Occurs due to long-term corticosteroid use (1), causing excess cortisol to build up in blood (1)

35
Q

cushings syndorme vs cushings disease

A

Cushing’s syndrome is an umbrella term for a collection of signs and symptoms that occur due to elevated cortisol levels (1). Cushing’s disease is a form of Cushing’s syndrome (1) caused by a tumour of the adrenal gland specifically (1).

36
Q

why wean patient off steroids

A

Suddenly stopping corticosteroids can result adrenal gland dysfunction (1) by suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (1) This can result in the disruption of vital hormone production (1) Which can lead to adrenal insufficiency (1)

37
Q

aids defining chest disease

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

38
Q

how does coronary circulation meet high demand

A

High capillary density (1 mark) - this creates a large surface area over which gas
exchange can occur, facilitating efficient O2 delivery.
- Very small diffusion distance (1 mark) - less than 9um.
- Continuous production of nitrous oxide (NO) from the coronary endothelium (1 mark) -
NO is an endogenous vasodilator, therefore helping to maintain a high coronary basal
flow rate.

39
Q

RA on XRAY

A

los joint space
periarticular erosions
subluxation
soft tissue swelling

40
Q

antibodies RA

A

anti-CPP

rheumatoid factor

41
Q

extraarticular features of RA

A

carpal tunnel, spinal cord compression

42
Q

frailty definition

A

Frailty is most often defined as an aging-related syndrome of physiological decline /
loss of biological reserves (0.5) ● Characterized by marked vulnerability to adverse health outcomes (0.5)

43
Q

how to measure frailty

A

Frailty Index score = Number of deficits in an individual / Total number of
deficits measured ● Gait Speed Test ● PRISMA-7 ● Timed up and go

44
Q

muscarinic symptoms

A

SLUDGE Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation GI upset Emesis

45
Q

nicotinic symptoms

A

M muscle cramps T tachycardia W weakness T twitching F fasciculations

46
Q

cause autonimic discharge

A

. drug overdose, magic mushrooms, nerve agents (Novichok/ Sarin

47
Q

drugs for organophosphate poisoning

A

atropine- mAChR antagonist Pralidoxime - remove covalent bond modification from AChE

48
Q

how does organophosphate poisoning occur

A

nhibits acetylcholine esterase via covalent modification (1). Acetylcholine is not broken down therefore builds up and it effect at NMJ’s is potentiated. (1)

ESA 4 missing (5 decks)

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