1.1 Population dynamics

Question 1

Population explosion?

Answer 1

The rapid population growth of the developing word in the post- 1950 period

Question 2

Birth rate

Answer 2

The number of lives births per 1000 population in a year

Question 3

Death Rate

Answer 3

The number of deaths per 1000 population in a year

Question 4

Rate of natural change

Answer 4

The difference between the birth rate and the death rate. If it is positive it is termed natural increase. If it is negative it is known as natural decrease

Question 5

Rate of net migration

Answer 5

The difference between the rates of immigration and emigration

Question 6

Model of demographic transition

Answer 6

A model illustrating the historical shift of birth and death rates from high to low levels in population

Question 7

Total fertility rate

Answer 7

The avarage number of children a women has during her lifetime

Question 8

Infant mortality rate

Answer 8

The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births per year.

Question 9

Life expectancy at birth

Answer 9

The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live under current mortality levels

Question 10

Depopulation

Answer 10

A decline in the number of people in a population

Question 11

Optimum population

Answer 11

The best balance between a population and the resources available to it. This is usually viewed as the population giving the highest average living standards in a country

Question 12

Under-population

Answer 12

When there are too few people in an area to use resources available effectively.

Question 13

Over-population

Answer 13

When there are too many in an area relative to the resources and the level of technology available

Question 14

Underemployment

Answer 14

A situation where people are working less than they would like to and need in order to earn a reasonable living.

Question 15

Population policy

Answer 15

Encompasses all of the measures taken by a government aimed at influencing population size, growth, distribution or composition.

Question 16

Pro-natalist policies

Answer 16

Such policies promote larger families

Question 17

Anti-nataliste policies

Answer 17

Such policies aim to reduce population growth

Question 18

What is population change governed by

Answer 18

Fertility
Mortality
Migration

Question 19

Factors effecting fertility

Answer 19

Demographic - infant mortality rates
Social/cultural - Tradition demanding high rates of reproduction, lack of education.
Economic - LEDCs kids = assets, MEDCs = burden
Political - changing rate of birth for strategic reasons

Question 20

Factors affecting mortality

Answer 20

Poverty
Poor access to healthcare
antibiotic resistance
migration patterns

Question 21

Impact of HIV/AIDS

Answer 21

labour supply - The economically active population reduces as more people fall sick and are unable to work
Dependency ratio - An increasing death rate in the economically active age group increases the dependency ratio.
Family - Aids is impoverishing entire families, and many children and old people have to take on the role of carers. Orphaned children
Education - Limited education causing less knowledge on STDs
Poverty - Vicious cycle between HIV/AIDS and poverty

Question 22

Country with a high rate of population

Kenye

Answer 22

Kenya has high population cause
High fertility, falling death rates, particularly infant mortality.
65.9 mill by 2030 - heavy impact on country’s resources.
High youth dependency - 42% of population being under 15 causing lower amount of land per capita available to farmers + children.
Young people travel to urban areas
rate of population is greater than the rate of job creation.

Question 23

Russia case study - population in decline

Answer 23

2016 birth + death rate = 13/1000
1991 = 148.7 mill since then it has been in decline.
low birth rates + high mortality rates
unemployment + poverty are major concerns for population therefore no children.
high education making contraception high.
high life expectancy.
rural areas having large migration.

Question 24

Indications that the human population is pushing against the limits of earth resources.

Answer 24

Quarter of children have protein-energy malnutrition.
Long-term trend for grain production per person is falling.
Water Scarcity already affects every continent and 4 of every 10 people in the world.

Question 25

Signs of dense population.

Answer 25

Intense competition for land
Heavy traffic congestion
high house prices
pressure on water resources

Question 26

Bangladesh - over populated

Answer 26

40% underemployed 
4/5 of population live in rural areas 
40% get flooded during the monsoon season. - close to sea level. 
80% population live is floodplains 
Dhaka - most crowded place in world

Question 27

Australia case study

Underpopulated

Answer 27

population density of 3 per km 
24 million living there
export rich nation 
great potential for renewable energy 
well developed - high incomes 
high quality of life
Opportunity’s for population increase

Question 28

Problems of China Anti-natalist policy

Answer 28

Impact on sex ratio
32 million more men aged under 20 than women.
Low birth rate 12/1000- therefore ageing population

Question 29

Examples of Frances pro-natalist policies

Answer 29

Longer maternity and paternity leave
Higher child benefits
Improved tax allowances for larger families
Preferential treatment in the allocation of gov housing,

Question 30

Define the birth rate and the total fertility rate.

Answer 30

Birth rate is the number of births per 1000 per year.

Fertility rate is number of children a women will give birth to in their lifetime