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SOCI 101 > Chapter 16.1, 16.2, 16.4- Social Change: Modern and Postmodern Societies > Flashcards

Chapter 16.1, 16.2, 16.4- Social Change: Modern and Postmodern Societies Flashcards

1
Q

What is Social Change?

A

the transformation of culture and social institutions over time

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2
Q

What are the 4 defining Characteristics of Social Change?

A
  1. happens all the time
  2. often unplanned
  3. controversial
  4. some changes matter more than others
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3
Q

What are the 3 important sources of Culture that direct Social Change?

A
  1. Intervention (new social patterns, obj’s, & ideas)
  2. Discovery (people notice existing elements of the world)
  3. Diffusion (products, people, & info spread from one society to another)
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4
Q

How does Conflict direct Social Change and Who proposed this?

A
  1. Karl Marx
  2. social conflict (arising from class, race, &gender inequality) has resulted in social changes that have improved the lives of working people
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5
Q

How do Ideas direct Social Change and Who proposed this?

A
  1. Max Weber

2. ideas can spread and bring about change

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6
Q

How do Population Patterns direct Social Change?

A

migration between and within societies promotes change (ex: aging population results in changes of consumer products to meet the needs of elderly and family changes)

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7
Q

What is Collective Behaviour?

A

activity involving a large number of people that is unplanned, often controversial, and can bring about change

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8
Q

What is a Crowd?

A

a temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another

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9
Q

What is a Mob?

A

a highly emotional crowd that pursues a violent or destructive goal

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10
Q

What is a Riot?

A

a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected

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11
Q

What is a Rumour?

A

unconfirmed info that people spread informally, by word of mouth or by using electronic devices

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12
Q

What is Fashion?

A

social patterns favoured by a large number of people

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13
Q

What is a Fad?

A

an unconventional social pattern that people embrace briefly but enthusiastically

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14
Q

What is a Social Movement?

A

an organized activity in which people set out to encourage or discourage social change

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15
Q

What do Alliterative Social Movements do?

A

seek limited change in specific individuals (ex: MADD)

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16
Q

What do Redemptive Social Movements do?

A

seek radical change in specific individuals (ex: Alcoholics Anonymous)

17
Q

What do Reformative Social Movements do?

A

seek limited change in the whole society (ex: envr. movement)

18
Q

What do Revolutionary Social Movements do?

A

seek radical change in the whole society (ex: communist party)

19
Q

What is the Relative Deprivation?

A

a perceived disadvantage arising from some specific comparison

20
Q

What is Mass Society?

A

a society in which prosperity and expanding bureaucracy have weakened traditional social ties

21
Q

How is Modernity seen as according to Mass-society Theory (structural-functional approach)?

A

modernity is seen as… increasing the scale of life & increasing role of gov. and other formal organizations in carrying out tasks previously performed by families in local communities

22
Q

How is Modernity seen as according to Class-society Theory (social-conflict approach)?

A

Modernity involves… rise of capitalism into a global economic system resulting in persistent social inequality (i.e., wealth is in the hands of few)

23
Q

What is Social Character?

A

personality patterns common to members of a particular society

23
Q

What is Social Character?

A

personality patterns common to members of a particular society

24
Q

What is Traditional-directedness?

A

rigid conformity to time-honoured ways of living

25
Q

What is Other-directedness?

A

openness to the latest trends and fashions, often expressed by imitating others

26
Q

Who defined the Problems of Identity (traditional- & other-directedness) in Mass Society?

A

David Riesman

27
Q

Who defined the Problems of Powerlessness in Class Society?

A

Herbert Marcuse

28
Q

What is the Problem of Powerlessness?

A

modern society is… irrational bc it fails to meet the needs of so many people
(ex: technological advances reduce ppl’s control over their own lives & wealth and power is concentrated in the hands of few)

SOCI 101 (16 decks)

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