Stroke

Question 1

globally how many strokes occur annually?

Answer 1

15 million

Question 2

globally, how many disability adjusted life years were there in 2010?

Answer 2

100 million

Question 3

in the UK according the BMJ, 2011 how many strokes occured?

Answer 3

110,000

Question 4

according to BMJ, 2011, how many deaths did strokes account for in england/ wales in 2008?

Answer 4

46,500

Question 5

how much burden does behavioural factors have (%)?

Answer 5

90%

Question 6

name the behavioural factors responsible for stroke

Answer 6

smoking, poor diet, low levels of PA

Question 7

what percentage does metabolic factors have contributing to a stroke?

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

what are the metabolic factors responsible for causing a stroke?

Answer 8

high systolic bp, high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, high cholesterol, low kidney function

Question 8

what are the metabolic factors responsible for causing a stroke?

Answer 8

high systolic bp, high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, high cholesterol, low kidney function

Question 9

what accounts for 30% of the stroke burden?

Answer 9

environmental factors such as air pollution

Question 10

describe the incidence of strokes

Answer 10

higher in women

decreases year on - better education and PHE messages are working

Question 11

describe the prevalence of stroke

Answer 11

remains high, more survival and more mini strokes

better treatment available

Question 12

what are the most common deaths in men and women (CVD related)?

Answer 12

ischaemic HD and stroke

Question 13

what is ischaemic heart disease?

Answer 13

narrowed heart arteries - less blood and oxygen

Question 14

what are the mortality rates of a persons first stroke?

Answer 14

15% are fatal within the first 2 months following on average

18.6% in women and 11.3% in men

Question 15

what is the rule of 1/4s

Answer 15

the cause of major ischaemic strokes
25% - arterial (stuck blood clot)
25% - cardioembolic
25% - small vessel disease
25% - idiopathic

Question 16

what is the initial assessment of a stroke?

Answer 16

ABC - airway, breathing, circulation

speech/ spatial, vision, hemiparesis, hemianesthesia, coordination, gait

Question 17

what is hemiparesis?

Answer 17

paralysis down one side

Question 18

what is hemianasthesia?

Answer 18

lack of sensibility down one side

Question 19

what medication should be given within 4.5 hrs?

Answer 19

Altepase - thrombolytic medication

Question 20

what is an ischaemic stroke?

Answer 20

where there is a complete block in the arteries leading to the brain or within the small blood vessels within the deep brain - a blood clot

Question 21

what happens to the brain, if someone suffers an ischaemic stroke for 10hrs without intervention?

Answer 21

the brain ages by 36 years

Question 22

what is a haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 22

bleeding in or around the brain

Question 23

what is a transient ischaemic stroke?

Answer 23

mini stroke that the blood clot causing the blockage in temporary

Question 24

how is a TIA temporary?

Answer 24

the blood clot usually dissolves or moves and the symptoms go away afterwards may only last a few mins to 24 hrs

Question 25

why is important to keep na levels down within the blood?

Answer 25

linked to high bp - adds more work to the heart, damages arteries and organs over time

Question 26

what is the most modifiable risk for a stroke

Answer 26

high blood pressure

Question 27

what percentage of strokes are linked to high bp?

Answer 27

54%

Question 28

why would you give a stroke victim warfarin?

Answer 28

acts as a anti-coagulant