Lect. 19 - Part 2 urinary system

Question 1

structure that transports urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Answer 1

ureter

Question 2

t/f ureter is a retroperitoneal organ

Answer 2

true

Question 3

backflow of urine is prevented in the ureter by what

Answer 3

pressure within the bladder compressing the oblique opening into the ureter

Question 4

3 layers of the ureter

Answer 4

mucosa
muscularis
adventitia

Question 5

content of the mucose of ureter (2)

Answer 5

transitional epithelial cells and lamina propria

Question 6

major function of muscularis layer of ureter

Answer 6

peristalsis

Question 7

composition of the muscularis layer of ureter (2)

Answer 7

inner longitudinal fibers and outer circular fibers

Question 8

what layer of ureter anchors the ureters in place

Answer 8

adventitia

Question 9

hollow, distensible muscular organ located posterior to the pubic symphysis

Answer 9

urinary bladder

Question 10

when empty, the urinary bladder is ___

Answer 10

collapsed

Question 11

when stretched, the urinary bladder becomes ___

Answer 11

spherical

Question 12

what makes up the trigone of the urinary bladder

Answer 12

2 ureteral openings and 1 internal urethral orifice

Question 13

only place that is smooth in the bladder (everywhere else is rugae)

Answer 13

trigone

Question 14

3 layers of the urinary bladder

Answer 14

mucosa
muscularis
adventitia

Question 15

the muscularis of the urinary bladder is also called what

Answer 15

detrusor muscle (“push down”)

Question 16

where are the internal and external urethral sphincter located in the urinary bladder?

Answer 16

muscularis layer

Question 17

what is micturition (2)

Answer 17

discharge of urine from the urinary bladder

occurs through a combination of voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions

Question 18

what happens when the bladder is stretched to more than 200-400mL?

Answer 18

stretch receptors in the wall transmit impulse that propagate to micturition center in the spinal cord (S2-S3) and trigger a micturition reflex

Question 19

terminal portion of the urinary system

Answer 19

urethra

Question 20

in females, located posterior to the pubic symphysis
external urethral orifice
wall consists of mucosa and muscularis

Answer 20

urethra

Question 21

where does the urethra pass in males (3)

Answer 21

through the prostate gland, urogenital diaphragm and penis

Question 22

3 divisions of urethra in males

Answer 22

prostatic
membranous
spongy (cavernous)

Question 23

5 other structures in males deliver their contents into the urethra

Answer 23

• ducts from prostate gland
• ducts from seminal vesicle
• ducts from vas deferens
• ducts from the bulbourethral gland
• urethral glands

Question 24

role of secretion from the seminal vesicle and vas deferens (2)

Answer 24

• neutralize the acidity of the female reproductive system

- contribute to sperm motility and viability

Question 25

role of secretion from the ducts of bulbourethral gland (2)

Answer 25

• deliver alkaline substance before ejaculation to neutralize the acidity of the urethra
• secrete mucous that lubricates the penis during sexual arousal

Question 26

role of secretion of urethral glands (1)

Answer 26

• discharge mucous during sexual arousal and ejaculation

Question 27

aging and the urinary system (kidneys, blood flow, filtration, sense of thirst)

Answer 27

kidneys shrink in size
lower blood flow
filters less blood
sense of thirst diminished (more prone to dehydration)