age

Question 1

PARSONS (CHILDHOOD)

Answer 1

Childhood provides:
1 - The primary socialisation of children
2 - The stabilization of the adult personalities of the population of society
Adolescence is the time children develop independence from their parents and shift from primary loyalty of parents to marriage partner

Question 2

SEWELL (CHILDHOOD N YOUTH)

Answer 2

African Caribbean boys displayed characteristics of a distinct youth subculture. This subculture is characterised by ‘hyper masculinity’, members gain stays by imitating aspects of rap culture. Role models, imitation, peer pressure, positive sanctions, Criticism, inclusion, exclusion, anti-school subculture

Question 3

GRIFFIN (CHILDHOOD N YOUTHS)

Answer 3

Media amplifies deviance and stereotypes teens
Portrayed as a social problem in 3 way
Dysfunctional- don't function properly
Suffering at a deficit- hard done by
Deviant- drugs drinking making mess 
Moral panic

Question 4

HEINZ-KNOWLES (CHILDHOOD N YOUTH)

Answer 4

Content analysis to study the way children are portrayed in entertainment television
children from ethnic minorities groups are underrepresented in children tv shows

Question 5

MCROBBIE (CHILDHOOD N YOUTH)

Answer 5

‘Bedroom culture’ girls spend leisure time with their peer group in their bedrooms. They socialised into traditional gender norms via a ‘cult of femininity’ inclusion, exclusion
Safe environment. Best friend / cult of femininity encouraged

Question 6

WILLIS (CHILDHOOD N YOUTH)

Answer 6

Anti-school subculture. Working class “lads” often had no career wins or goals and rejected school as they saw it irrelevant to them and the manual labour jobs they would end up with. Expectations for boys and their fathers, jobs were a key source of their identity

Question 7

BRANNEN (MIDDLE AGE)

Answer 7

Dual burden - Middle age women - Pivot / sandwich generation
Researched informal care responsibilities and roles, and suggested that middle age was a time they shouldered many caring responsibilities, caring for children and elderly parents. Pivot generation and dual burden used in reference to family and this time expectations

Question 8

SAUNDERS (MIDDLE AGE)

Answer 8

Conspicuous consumption. Those who satisfy their needs through ownership of goods are heavily influenced by the media. The media targets middle age as they are the group with the highest disposable income and define identity by what they own, stereotyping

Question 9

PARSONS (OLD AGE)

Answer 9

Elderly have less status in society, once children have grown up and men have retired, the elderly lose their most important social role within the family, feel relatively isolated from their children who focus on their marriage partners and their own children - Disengagement theory.

Question 10

HODKINSON

Answer 10

Subcultures provide a sense of belonging which could continue into middle age. Goth subculture does not fade when people reach middle age, strong social links and interests in goth music and style would make it odd to leave the group, despite responsibilities. They adapted their look and toned down to fit in with work they had better career options. Brought children to high festivals. Inclusion, peer pressure

Question 11

MAC AN GHAIL (MIDDLE AGE)

Answer 11

Middle aged people being made redundant from their manual labour job felt great loss of identity from tight knit communities and the loss of the bread winners role made them feel a loss of status, working class men faced a ‘crisis of masculinity’ due to deindustrialisation

Question 12

CARRIGAN AND SZMIGIN (OLD AGE)

Answer 12

Media and advertising suggest that although there are more old people, they are less likely to be portrayed in the media and more likely to be portrayed negatively and caricature such as smelly etc even though they were likely to be fit and active today, and want to be portrayed positively, stereotyping ‘smelly and incontinent’

Question 13

WILLIS (MIDDLE AGE)

Answer 13

Middle aged fathers act as role models for ‘lads’ - Unskilled manual labour work key source of identity, Workplace reinforces middle age identity - Lads manual labour jobs defined themselves as manual labourers

Question 14

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE (OLD AGE)

Answer 14

Developed in the 1960s based upon the principles of learning rather than gaining a qualification

Question 15

CLARKE AND WARREN (OLD AGE)

Answer 15

Old age may be a time to make new friends and gage in new interests, inclusion in these activities can define old age identity. Active ageing is a period seen as an active and engaged stage of life, inclusion

Question 16

JOHNSON (OLD AGE)

Answer 16

Ageism occurs in the workplaces in the Uk it is institutional and embedded in practices and stereotypical assumptions about a persons competency at a job relating to age. It is much. More difficult for older people to get a job. Official rules, stereotypes, exclusion , negative sanctions

Question 17

SONTAG (OLD AGE)

Answer 17

Middle and older age women face a double standard of ageing

especially in television where women are expected to be youthful through out their media careers and men are not

Question 18

VOAS (OLD AGE)

Answer 18

Suggested older people were much more likely to identify as religious because 1. The generational effect - brought up in a much more religious era and values were more intense 2. Ageing effect - people became more spiritual as they got close to death . Inclusion, positive sanctions

Question 19

HOCKEY AND JAMES (OLD AGE)

Answer 19

Old age and childhood are socially constructed in a similar way having lost their personhood(separated from the adult world and the public). Kids are treated as vulnerable as are the elderly
Infantilization- elderly treated like children e.g pocket money cutting up food having their privacy taken away (being dressed and bathed) assumed to be innocent like children.

Question 20

FEATHERSTONE AND HEPWORTH (CHANGING AGE POSTMODERN)

Answer 20

Age is now becoming less relevant due to:

• Deinstitutionalisation (institutions less associated with different ages e.g. education for older people
• De-diffrentiation - Life stages are becoming blurred

Question 21

BLAIKIE (CHANGING AGE POSTMODERN)

Answer 21

The retired are now an important consumer group who are targeted with a range of products and services. The ‘grey £’ is valued
Attitudes towards retirement and stereotypes of old age have been broken down due to consumer culture as elderly are targeted with a range of products.

Question 22

PILCHER (CHANGING AGE POSTMODERN)

Answer 22

Argues industrialisation demanded particular stages for the labour market, however the different phases of the life course are becoming more blurred

Question 23

CLARKE AND WARREN (CHANGING AGE POSTMODERN)

Answer 23

Old age is now a period for active ageing - Age is changing