Specific Conditions Flashcards
Pneumonia
Chest infection Characterised by productive cough, fever, fatigue, chest pain. Cyanosis Crackles on auscultation Potential for sepsis symptoms
COPD
Low sats - cyanosis Chronic productive cough Dyspnoea Recurrent LRTI Fatigue Headaches Wheeze Pursed lip breathing Barrel chest For pulmonale (RSHF due to pulmonary hypertension) Retention flap
Asthma
Acute exacerbations - viruses/ infections/ allergens/ pollutants
Frequency of exacerbations - ITU admissions
PEFR
Wheeze
Careful of pneumothorax after asthma attack
Pleural effusion
Fluid in the pleural space Heart failure, liver failure, infection, malignancy Breathlessness, Cough, Pleuritic chest pain Reduced chest wall movement Tracheal deviation Full percussion
Pulmonary fibrosis
Same as copd but look for clues in the history
Heart failure
Congestion -oedema and hypoxia (WET)
Hypoperfusion- COLD
Dyspnoea Reduced exercise tolerance Fatigue Pink frothy sputum Ankle swelling Orthopnoea Paraoxysmal nocturnal stoniest
Chest pain/ palpitations / fever Basal crackles Dull percussion at bases Raised JVP Hepatomeglay Murmur / gallop rhythm Hypoxia Cyanosis Tachycardia Confusion
Tuberculosis
Contact with known TB
Fever, lethargy, weight loss tender lymph nodes
Cough, dry then blood stained sputum, breathlessness, pleuritic chest pain
Urinary, MSK, neuro, cardiac, GI symptoms
Full percussion, decreased fremitus
Pneumothorax
Trauma Asthma Hyper resonance Tracheal deviation Heamodynamic symptoms Reduced air entry Unilateral movement of the chest surgical emphysema
Pancreatitis
Gallstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, malignancy, drugs etc
Male, age, obesity, smoking
Epigastric pain may radiate into back
Nausea
Decreased appetite
History, PSH, Drugs,Social, family history
Abdominal distension
Reduced bowel sounds
Inflammatory response
Cullen’s/ grey turners
Ectopic pregnancy
Abdominal Pelvic Missed periods Vagina bleeding Dizziness shoulder top pain Abdominal tenderness
Appendicitis
Nausea vomiting Low grade fever Umbilical pain R iliac fossa pain Diarrhoea Anorexia Uniranry sumotims Recent illness Pain history
Diverticulitis, colitis, Chrons, IBS
D- infection/ inflammation of pouches in the intestines
C- inflammation of colon
I- large intestine irritation
C-IBD
Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss, malnutrition, bloating
AAA
Bulge of the aorta. Can cause tears and will bleed Abdominal pain radiating into the back Hypotension Dizziness Sweaty pale clammy Tachycardia Sob
Kidney stones
Abdominal pain Comes and goes Vomiting Temperature Blood in urine
Gall stones
Jaundice
Abdominal pain that comes and goes
Severe pain
Overweight female, fourties’
Murphys positive
