Abortion Flashcards

1
Q

More than 80% of spontaneous abortions occur in what stage of pregnancy?

A. 1st trimester
B. 2nd trimester
C. 3rd trimester
D. Labor

A

A. 1st trimester

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2
Q

Which of the following layers is sloughed off during menstruation and grows anew during each cycle?

A. Stratum basalis
B. Stratum functionalis
C. Tunica mucosa
D. Tunica muscularis

A

B. Stratum functionalis

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3
Q

Which of the following aneuploidy is the most common cause of first trimester abortions?

A. Monosomy
B. Autosomal trisomy
C. Triploidy
D. Tetraploidy
E. Structural anomaly
A

B. Autosomal trisomy

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4
Q

All of the following are maternal outcomes in threatened abortion EXCEPT:

A. Placenta previa
B. Abruptio placenta
C. Caesarian delivery
D. Perinatal death
E. None of the options
A

D. Perinatal death

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5
Q

Ana, 25 y/o F, comes to visit your clinic. She complained of fever, severe pelvic pain, bleeding, and vaginal discharge. Which of the following is the most predictive risk factor for pregnancy loss?

A. Fever
B. Severe pelvic pain
C. Bleeding
D. Vaginal discharge
E. Any of the options
A

C. Bleeding

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6
Q

You found out that Ana is pregnant. However, due to excessive bleeding you suspected pregnancy loss. Which of the following levels of serum progesterone is considered with dying pregnancy?

A. <5 ng/mL
B. 5 - 10 ng/mL
C. 10 - 20 ng/mL
D. >20 ng/mL

A

A. <5 ng/mL

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7
Q

All of the following are diagnostic sonographic findings for early pregnancy loss EXCEPT:

A. CRL ≥7 mm and no heartbeat
B. MSD ≥25 mm and no embryo
C. Absence of embryo with heartbeat ≥2 weeks after a scan showed a gestational sac without a yolk sac
D. Absence of embryo with heartbeat ≥11 days after a scan showed a gestational sac with a yolk sac
E. None of the options

A

E. None of the options

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8
Q

Refers to dead products of conception that were retained for days, weeks, months in the uterus with a closed cervical os.

A. Threatened abortion
B. Complete abortion
C. Incomplete abortion
D. Missed abortion

A

D. Missed abortion

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9
Q

Which of the following is the most successful management for incomplete abortion?

A. Expectant management
B. Misoprostol
C. Mifepristone
D. Curettage

A

D. Curettage

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10
Q

Recurrent miscarriage is defined as ________

A. >3 consecutive pregnancy losses at 20 or less than 20 weeks
B. >3 consecutive pregnancy losses at more than 20 weeks
C. 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses with fetal weight >500 g
D. Two of the options
E. None of the options

A

A. >3 consecutive pregnancy losses at 20 or less than 20 weeks

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11
Q

All of the following are TRUE about cervical insufficiency EXCEPT:

A. Also known as incompetent cervix
B. Most common in 1st trimester
C. Absence of uterine contractions
D. Most common cause is cervical trauma such as cervical lacerations during childbirth 
E. None of the options
A

B. Most common in 1st trimester

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12
Q

Which of the following is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy?

A. Fimbriae
B. Infundibulum
C. Ampulla
D. Isthmus

A

C. Ampulla

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13
Q

All of the following are clinical manifestations of ectopic pregnancy EXCEPT:

A. Delayed menstruation
B. Pain
C. Vaginal bleeding
D. Vaginal spotting
E. None of the options
A

E. None of the options

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14
Q

Which of the following procedures involves the removal of the entire fallopian tube which is indicated for ruptured or unruptured tubes?

A. Salpingostomy
B. Salpingotomy
C. Salpingectomy
D. Laparoscopy

A

C. Salpingectomy

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15
Q

What aspect of the pelvic inlet is considered as the only dimension that can be measured via vaginal examination?

A. Obstetric conjugate
B. Diagonal conjugate
C. Transitional conjugate
D. Any of the options

A

B. Diagonal conjugate

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16
Q

Internal os is lined by what type of epithelium?

A. Simple columnar
B. Simple squamous
C. Stratified squamous
D. Stratified columnar

A

A. Simple columnar

External os - stratified squamous

17
Q

In what part of the cervix do premalignant lesions start to form?

A. Internal os
B. External os
C. Squamocolumnar junction
D. Any of the options

A

C. Squamocolumnar junction

18
Q

Which of the following is the major blood supply of the uterus?

A. Uterine artery
B. Ovarian artery
C. Urogenital artery
D. Pudendal artery

A

A. Uterine artery

19
Q

Which of the following hormones is considered as cardioprotective?

A. Progestin
B. Progesterone
C. Estrogen
D. Testosterone
E. DHEAS
A

C. Estrogen

20
Q

Which of the following drugs is a PGE2 derivative that causes myometrial contractions?

A. Misoprostol
B. Mifepristone
C. Dinoprostone
D. Carboprost tromethamine

A

C. Dinoprostone