11.4-11.19 Chapter 11 Review Questions

Question 1

Why do the muscles of facial expression move the skin rather than a joint?

Answer 1

move the skin rather than a joint when they contract bc the muscle inserts onto skin.

Question 2

Which muscles that move the eyeballs contract and relax as you look to your left without moving your head?

Answer 2

(extraocular) are among the fastest contracting and most precisely controlled skeletal muscles in the body; they permit us to elevate, depress, abduct, adduct, and medially and laterally rotate the eyeballs.

Question 3

Which is the strongest muscle of mastication?

Answer 3

The masseter is the strongest muscle of mastication.

Question 4

What are the functions of the tongue?

Answer 4

chewing, detection of taste, swallowing, and speech.

Question 5

What is the combined action of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 5

stabilize the hyoid bone to assist in tongue movements.

Question 6

Which tongue, facial, and mandibular muscles do you use for chewing?

Answer 6

Muscles of the anterior neck that assist in deglutition and speech, called suprahyoid muscles, are located above the hyoid bone.

Question 7

Why are triangles of the neck important?

Answer 7

The triangles in the neck formed by the sternocleidomastoid muscles are important anatomically and surgically because of the structures that lie within their boundaries.

Question 8

Which abdominal muscle aids in urination?

Answer 8

rectus abdominis muscle aids in urination.

Question 9

Which muscle associated with breathing is innervated by the phrenic nerve?

Answer 9

The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve.

Question 10

What are the names of the three openings in the diaphragm, and which structures pass through each?

Answer 10

Aorta: pass through aortic hiatus
Esophagus: pass through esophageal hiatus
Inferior vena cava: pass through canal for amen

Question 11

What are the borders of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 11

are the pubic symphysis anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the walls of the pelvis laterally.

Question 12

Which muscles are strengthened by Kegel exercises?

Answer 12

Muscles of pelvic floor(pregnancy)
Levator ani and ischiococcygeus

Question 13

What are the borders of the perineum?

Answer 13

the pubic symphysis anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the ischial tuberosities laterally.

Question 14

What are the borders and contents of the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle?

Answer 14

Urogenital triangle: external genitals
Anal triangle: Anus

Question 15

What is the main action of the muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

Answer 15

to stabilize the scapula to assist in movements of the humerus.

Question 16

Which tendons make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 16

The rotator cuff consists of the flat tendons of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles that form a nearly complete circle around the shoulder joint.
11.16 The brachialis

Question 17

Why are the two muscles that cross the shoulder joint called axial muscles, and the seven others called scapular muscles?

Question 18

Which muscles are the most powerful flexor and the most powerful extensor of the forearm?

Answer 18

The brachialis is the most powerful forearm flexor; the triceps brachii is the most powerful forearm extensor.

Question 19

Flex your arm. Which group of muscles is contracting? Which group of muscles must relax so that you can flex your arm?

Question 20

Which muscles and actions of the wrist, hand, thumb, and fingers are used when writing?

Question 21

What structures pass deep to the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 21

Flexor tendons of the digits and wrist and the median nerve pass deep to the flexor retinaculum.

Question 22

How do the actions of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand differ?

Question 23

Muscles of the thenar eminence act on which digit?

Answer 23

Muscles of the thenar eminence act on the thumb.

Question 24

Which muscles originate at the midline and extend laterally and superiorly to their insertions?

Answer 24

The splenius muscles arise from the midline and extend laterally and superiorly to their insertions.

Question 25

What is the largest muscle group of the back?

Answer 25

Erector spinae (chief extensor of the vertebral column)