May 2022

Question 1

What does the Renaissance mean and where did it start?

Answer 1

“Rebirth” in French. It started in Italy.

Question 2

How does the change in art reflect the change in society?

Answer 2

It focuses on humans and their perspectives instead of the Church’s (God’s)

Question 3

What was the new focus in art called and on what was it based?

Answer 3

Humanism. Classical, Greek, and Roman pre-Christian learning, science, and reason

Question 4

What role did Florence play in the Italian Renaissance?

Answer 4

The city’s wealth and freedoms attracted talented, creative people

Question 5

What family sponsored the Florentine humanism?

Answer 5

The Medici. Their wealth came from banking and the woolen textile industry.

Question 6

What is secularism?

Answer 6

Things not having to do with religion.

Question 7

Who developed linear perspective in art?

Answer 7

Filipino Brunelleschi, builder of the Duomo, painter of the baptistry

Question 8

What was unique about Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy?

Answer 8

It had human themes and was written in Italian, the vernacular.

Question 9

For what works in Michelangelo best known?

Answer 9

Painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculptures like his David and Pieta.

Question 10

For what work is Niccolò Machiavelli best known?

Answer 10

His book, the Prince, which shows what it really takes to be successfully politically

Question 11

Why is Leonardo da Vinci considered the perfect Renaissance person?

Answer 11

He was interested in all kinds of things and showed genius in multiple areas.

Question 12

For what work is Miguel de Cervantes best known?

Answer 12

His book, Don Quixote, about a man whose quest is to rid the world of evil

Question 13

For what is William Shakespeare best known?

Answer 13

His sonnets (poems) and 37 plays, establishing a standard for written English

Question 14

For what is Isabella | of Spain known?

Answer 14

Devout Catholic monarch, conquered Granada (last Muslim kingdom), sponsored Colombus

Question 15

What was the Papal (aka Western) Schism?

Answer 15

Period where there was a pope in Avignon, France, as well as Rome

Question 16

What Church practices sparked the Reformation?

Answer 16

Selling of indulgences, practice of simony, corruption and clergy not living up to their vows.

Question 17

What would buying an indulgence supposedly get you?

Answer 17

Pardon of your past or future sins and spare you from doing penance

Question 18

What invention made the Reformation possible?

Answer 18

Johann Gutenburg’s Printing Press

Question 19

What dangerous suggestion did Dutch Humanist, Desiderius Erasmus, make?

Answer 19

People should read the Bible for themselves

Question 20

What did Martin Luther do that started the Reformation?

Answer 20

Nailed up a list of 95 Theses to a Church in Wittenberg, Germany

Question 21

How did Luther expect his protest to be handled?

Answer 21

As an academic discussion with Church officials and scholars

Question 22

What were the people who broke from the Church called and what was their movement called?

Answer 22

Protestants; Reformation

Question 23

What promoted Henry VIII of England to break with Rome?

Answer 23

The desire to get a divorce from Cathrine of Aragon, plus a chance to grab Church property

Question 24

How did John Calvin interpret the Bible concerning salvation?

Answer 24

It was predetermined (predestined) and could not be earned through good deeds

Question 25

What beliefs did Protestant sects have in common?

Answer 25

Belief in faith over good deeds and reading the Bible

Question 26

What do we call the movement of the Church eventually launched against the Protestants?

Answer 26

The Counter-Reformation

Question 27

What was the Counter-Reformation’s strategy?

Answer 27

Address the 95 complaints (clean up its act) through the Council of Trent and establish new religious orders like the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Question 28

What court helped enforce the Church’s laws?

Answer 28

The Inquisition. Originally set up to root out infidels and they ended up seeking out heretics

Question 29

What 17th century war established (sort of) religious peace?

Answer 29

The Thirty Years’ War

Question 30

What was The Thirty Years’ War outcome?

Answer 30

National boundaries were set based on denominations but mostly rulers let people practice what they wanted to

Question 31

What worldwide legacy of the Thirty Years’ War lead to?

Answer 31

It set up religious divisions around the world based on Europe colonization

Question 32

For what is Elizabeth | known?

Answer 32

2nd daughter of VIII - ruling England well and religious daughter

Question 33

What European legacy did The Thirty Years’ War lead to?

Answer 33

A sense of nationalism and a return to the “divine right of Kings”