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SAM. > 3. > Flashcards

3. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for diagnosis of portosystemic shunt?

A

CT aniography.

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2
Q

When comparing PSS with small and large breeds dogs, which is a common finding with large breed
dogs?

A

Intrahepatic.

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3
Q

A Yorkie has CNS signs and is potentially blind with head pressing.

It is fed a high protein diet.

Gave some CBC and biochem parameters.

What is the diagnosis and treatment of choice?

A

Portosystemic shunt + shunt attenuation.

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4
Q

You are doing liver surgery and an emergency happens.

You know you can do the Pringle maneuver to stop
the haemorrhage until you can completely stop the bleeding.

What is being occluded with this technique?

A

Portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct.

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5
Q

What is false about portal hypertension post PSS surgery?

A

NSAIDs​ ​will​ ​always​ ​cure.

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6
Q

What is a cholecystectomy?

A

Removal of the gall bladder.

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7
Q

What would cause chemical peritonitis?

A

Gall bladder rupture.

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8
Q

A dog has neuro signs after eating a high protein diet.

What do you suspect?

A

A portosystemic shunt.

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9
Q

What on CBC/chem confirms a portosystemic shunt?

A

BUN.

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10
Q

How do you treat an extrahepatic shunt?

A

Ameroid Constrictor.

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11
Q

A 4yo DSH presents with profuse bleeding from the mouth.

The owner believes she is vomiting blood.

On physical exam, TPR is ok but the mucous membranes are pale.

Fleas were noted on her ventrum.

On oral exam, you see a large ulcer on the soft palate.

What is this lesion?

A

Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma complex.

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12
Q

SIRS vs sepsis, how do you differentiate?

A

Identify the source of infection.

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13
Q

Besides what’s listed, what else do you do for parvovirus treatment?

A

Sucralfate and famotidine.

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14
Q

What is indicative of endoscopic biopsy?

A

Dogs with hypoalbuminemia, ascites and suspected lympangestica.

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15
Q

What is indicative for emergency exploratory celiotomy?

A

Air showing peritoneal lining indicative of air in abdomen.

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16
Q

What do you monitor for Pancreatitis pet to avoid surgical emergency?

A

Biliary obstruction (EHBO).

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17
Q

What is a long term treatment for chronic pancreatitis in a cat? (not during acute/flare-up)

A

Pancreatic enzyme supplements, no diet.

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18
Q

A cat just had a foreign body removed surgically 3 days ago.

It now has a fever, ascites and abdominal fluid.

The fluid had high neutrophils.

What do you do next?

A

Exploratory celiotomy for one.

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19
Q

A cat comes in with sepsis.

It is hypoglycemic and has a high temperature etc.

What do you do next?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics and IV dextrose to stabilise it before surgery.

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20
Q

A cat has no infectious cause and is unresponsive to a food trial.

You did extensive infectious
trials and all came back negative.

It had chronic small bowel diarrhoea.

The owners don’t want to refer as they don’t have money.

Whats next step?

A

High fibre diet trial

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21
Q

What RER do you give the to a long term anorexic patient?

A

Day 1 = 1/3, day 2 = 2/3, day 3 = full.

22
Q

How can you confirm placement of feeding tube as an owner?

A

Check for negative pressure.

23
Q

A dog had trouble swallowing.

In the exam room he tried to forcefully pick up the food, but it fell out the side of his mouth.

Where is the problem localised?

A

Oropharynx.

24
Q

A dog was snapping and had oral issues, what is the first test you wanna do?

A

Sedated oral exam.

25
Q

A cat comes in with hypersalivation.

Whats the first question you ask?

A

Is it up to date on rabies.

26
Q

What is the most common cause of regurgitation?

A

Esophagitis.

27
Q

What is a common cause of vomit/diarrhoea in small animal patients?

A

Acute gastroenteritiis vs dietary indiscretion.

28
Q

You see a foreign body in a dog.

The owners have no money and want you to give fluids and see if it passes on its own.

What are the risks?

A

Perforation leads to more intensive abdominal surgery later on.

29
Q

How do you diagnose idiopathic megaoesophagus in an older large dog?

A

Rule out secondary causes.

30
Q

What is a negative prognostic indicator for megaesophagus?

A

Aspiration pneumonia.

31
Q

What do you feed a dog with acute gastritis?

A

A short term bland, highly digestible diet.

32
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of gastric ulcers?

A

Medications and neoplasia.

33
Q

What sign of pancreatitis is seen in 90% of dogs and 30% of cats?

A

Vomiting.

34
Q

What are tests that can only be diagnosed by therapeutic trials?

A

Antibiotic responsive or fibre responsive.

35
Q

What can US tell us?

A

What organs are involved and Where to biopsy.

36
Q

A small dog presented with a PCV of 65%, jam diarrhea and other clinical signs.

What is the diagnosis?

A

Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome.

37
Q

When do you treat Salmonella?

A

When there is sepsis present and there is salmonella positive on faecal exam.

38
Q

A cat was constipated 1 month ago.

It was treated for 7 days with prokinetics and laxatives.

The cat is back now with the same issue.

What do you want to do?

A

Spinal and pelvic RADs and some other stuff.

39
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for weight loss with increased appetite in the cat

A

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

IBD.

Neoplasia.

40
Q

What is the criteria for SIRS?

A

Temperature.

HR.

RR.

WBC count.

41
Q

What is really important in a nutrition patient?

A

Get enteral nutrition in asap via a tube.

42
Q

What is the best test to diagnose acute pancreatitis?

A

Quantitative PLI and an in house positive snap test.

43
Q

What are the top differential diagnoses for IBD in a dog?

A

Infectious, inflammation, neoplasia.

44
Q

How do you definitively differentiate IBD from food allergy?

A

Food trial.

45
Q

What does ACVIM statement say/help you with?

A

Grading, and therapeutic plans.

46
Q

What is the difference between PLE secondary to IBD vs standard IBD?

A

This is worse prognosis.

47
Q

NG tubes should be used for what issues?

A

Short term (<7 days), in hospital feeding.

48
Q

What foods can be fed via an NG tube?

A

Liquid diets.

49
Q

Can E tubes be used at home?

A

Yes.

50
Q

What tubes are used for very long term problems?

A

Gastric tubes.

SAM. (10 decks)

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