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Analysis of Human Activity & Occupational Performance II > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

the design of products, environments, and communications to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.

A

universal design

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2
Q

name the 7 principles of universal design.

A
  1. equitable use
  2. flexibility in use
  3. simple and intuitive use
  4. perceptible information
  5. tolerance for error
  6. low physical effort
  7. size and space for approach and use
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3
Q
  • the design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.
  • provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible; equivalent when not
  • avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users
  • provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all users
  • make the design appealing to all users
A

equitable use (principle one)

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4
Q

the design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities

A

flexibility in use (principle 2)

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5
Q

use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.

A

simple and intuitive use (principle 3)

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6
Q

the design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions of the user’s sensory abilities

A

perceptible information (principle 4)

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7
Q

the design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions

A

tolerance for error (principle 5)

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8
Q

the design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue

A

low physical effort (principle 6)

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9
Q

appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user’s body size, posture, or mobility.

A

size and space for approach and use (principle 7)

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10
Q

not specific to every population - more catered to individuals with disabilities and their access and needs

A

accessible design

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11
Q

accessible for all, what is best for the majority of the population

A

universal design

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12
Q

a combination of outliers between accessible and universal design; combination of both

A

inclusive design

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13
Q

branch of science that deals with the people and their working environment

A

ergonomics

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14
Q

ergos

A

work

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15
Q

nomos

A

natural laws

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16
Q

name the 4 domains of specialization.

A
  • physical
  • cognitive
  • organizational
  • environmental
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17
Q

concerned with human anatomical, anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical activity.

A

physical ergonomics

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18
Q

name the 4 aspects of the primary domain of physical ergonomics for OTs.

A
  • body mechanics
  • posture
  • manual handling
  • repetitive/static tasks
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19
Q

concerned with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system.

A

cognitive ergonomics

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20
Q

name 4 relevant topics of cognitive ergonomics.

A
  • mental workload
  • decision-making
  • skilled performance
  • human-computer interaction
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21
Q

concerned with the optimization of sociotechnical systems, including their organizational structures, policies, and processes.

A

organizational ergonomics

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22
Q

studies the interaction of people and their physical environment.

A

environmental ergonomics

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23
Q

name 4 relevant topics of environmental ergonomics.

A
  • lighting
  • climate
  • sound
  • vibrations
24
Q

workstation, equipment, tools, machinery

A

engineering/design

25
Q

work-flow, staffing, job rotations, productivity standards

A

administrative design

26
Q

disease/disability, individual change management, biomechanics, psychosocial

A

worker-based design

27
Q

pertaining to man or human beings

A

anthropo

28
Q

the science that defines physical measures of a person’s size, form, and functional capacities.

A

anthropometry

29
Q

used to study the interaction of workers with tasks, tools, machines, vehicles, and PPE

A

anthropometric measurements

30
Q

why is anthropometry important?

A

designs that are incompatible with normal anthropometric measurements of a workforce may result in unintended consequences

31
Q

name the 10 fundamental principles of ergonomics.

A
  1. work in neutral postures
  2. reduce excessive force
  3. keep everything in reach
  4. work at proper height
  5. reduce excessive motions
  6. minimize fatigue and static load
  7. minimize pressure points
  8. provide clearance
  9. move, exercise, and stretch
  10. maintain a comfortable environment
32
Q

name 3 main important purposes of ergonomics.

A
  1. increases productivity
  2. reduces the cost
  3. improves the quality of the work
33
Q

ergonomics are concerned with the interaction between which 3 factors?

A
  • personal factors
  • machine/tool factors
  • environmental factors
34
Q

individual characteristics of the worker

A

personal factors

35
Q

tools and biomechanical demands needed to perform job tasks

A

machine/tool factors

36
Q

stress level, job design, organizational, and environmental issues

A

environmental factors

37
Q

name some factors relevant to the machine and tool use in a job.

A

biomechanical and behavioral demands required to use the tools/machines to perform tasks

38
Q

name 3 factors relevant to the environment.

A
  • psychological stress
  • work design problems
  • physical environment
39
Q

result when the physical/cognitive demands are problematic due to organization or environmental rules/constraints

A

work design problems

40
Q

in order to investigate ergonomics we should start by considering which component?

A

the person

41
Q

when performing work activity, potential for injury increases when tasks stray further from what?

A

normative body postures

42
Q

name the 2 main concerns of universal design.

A

accessibility and safety

43
Q

name the domains of specialization in which OTs mainly focus on.

A
  • physical
  • cognitive
  • environment
44
Q

we should always focus on what first?

A

the person

45
Q

breadth = ____

A

width

46
Q

a leaning backrest or chair back should be no more than how many degrees?

A

15 degrees, if it has to be more than 15 degrees you should alter monitor height

47
Q

a wrist rest should be no wider than how many inches?

A

4 inches

48
Q

when you change one feature you must go back and change what else?

A

other aspects as well

49
Q

name 6 ways in which we evaluate MSDs.

A
  • force gauges

- tape measurements - distance, length, width, goniometer, dynamometers

50
Q

describe positioning of the feet during office ergonomics.

A

feet should be flat on the ground

51
Q

describe 2 ways to allow feet to rest on the ground during office work.

A
  • adjustable chair

- foot rest

52
Q

items in zone 2 should be how many inches away from one’s chair?

A

16 and 24 inches

53
Q

items in zone 3 should be how many inches away from one’s chair?

A

anything past 24 inches (overhead stuff, cabinets)

54
Q

distance to tip of fingers if elbow is flexed at edge of desk

A

usual work

55
Q

monitor usually goes in this spot

A

non-working area

56
Q

what is the key term with ergonomics?

A

INTERACTION between person and environment

Analysis of Human Activity & Occupational Performance II (6 decks)

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