Male contraception

Question 1

contraception

Answer 1

prevent fertilization of an ovum by a sperm

The only sure way to prevent pregnancy is abstinence

Question 2

Hormone regulation of sperm production

Answer 2

“male birth control pill”

research, but no great options at this time

• afe - minimal adverse side effects
• effective - low failure rate
• reversible
• male secondary sex characteristics not affected

Question 3

vasectomy

Answer 3

prevents sperm entry into vas deferens

Procedure

• local anesthetic
• small incision in scrotum to access tube
• pull tube out through incision
• cut and cauterize each end
• tie off each end
• return tube ends to the scrotum
• close incision

Question 4

recovery from vasectomy

Answer 4

• quick recovery; minor discomfort
• doesn’t affect ejaculation or orgasm
• about 100% effective
• takes 3 months for sperm within vas deferens to disappear

can be reversed with variable success rates

• rejoin tubes (vasovasostomy) - scar tissue complications
• attach tube to epididymis (vasoepididymostomy)

Question 5

coitus interruptus (withdrawal)

Answer 5

• withdraw penis before ejactulation
• difficult to exert level of control required

sperm may already have been deposited prior to ejaculation

• pre-ejaculate may have viable sperm
• presence of sperm in urethra (leftover from prior ejaculation)
• presence of ejaculate on vulva

Question 6

Condom

Answer 6

• effectiveness is very dependent on proper use (98%)
• latex, plastic
• lubricated, may have spermicide coating (not enough)
• reduces transmission of STIs
• inexpensive and easy to get
• additional used or spermicides maximizes pregnancy prevention

Question 7

female condom

Answer 7

synthetic latex pouch that lines vagina

• covers cervix to prevent sperm entry
• pre-lubricated
• reduces transmission of STIs
• cheap and easy to get
• don’t need partner participation

Question 8

male vs female condom

Answer 8

Both are highly effective

• better results with male condoms - easier to use
• no allergic reactions to latex with female condom

Both can tear during intercourse
-both offer an option for a quick need for contraception

Question 9

spermicides

Answer 9

-kill sperm
-nonoxynol-9 changes sperm cell membrane structure
-No Rx needed
-Forms: cream, foam, jelly, foaming tablet, suppositov
-Placement: deep in vagina; at cervical os
-need to reapply for each sexual act
21% failure rate if used alone
-need sufficient time prior to and after se to be most effective
-increased risk of UTIs if used frequently (also damages resident bacteria)
-doesn’t reduce transmission of STDs

Question 10

Diaphragm

Answer 10

• must be fitted by clinician
• silicone or rubber cup that covers cervix
• use with spermicides
• immediately effective with insertion
• no action required of partner
• can be used during breast feeding
• reusable
• few side effects
• 10% failure rate due to difficulty with insertion and removal too soon

Question 11

Cervical cap (femcap)

Answer 11

must be fitted by clinician

• blocks entry into cervix
• should also use spermicide
• may be difficult to insert; held in place with suction
• can be reused

Question 12

sponge contraception

Answer 12

sponge with spermicide placed over cervical opening

• absorbs sperm
• 20% failure rate