Glucagon; Dextrose; Toradol; Zofran

Question 1

Glucagon - Classification

Answer 1

Pancreatic Hormone (Antihypoglycemic Agent)

Question 2

Glucagon - Mechanism of Action

Answer 2

Stimulates the liver to convert Glycogen to Glucose resulting in an increase in blood glucose levels; Inhibits Glycogen synthesis; Positive inotropic agent

Question 3

Glucagon - Indications

Answer 3

Hypoglycemia; Beta Blocker Overdose

Question 4

Glucagon - Contraindications

Answer 4

Hypersensitivity; Insulinoma

Question 5

Glucagon - Adverse Effects

Answer 5

Hyperglycemia; Nausea; Vomiting; Hypotension; Tachycardia

Question 6

Glucagon - Dosage

Answer 6

Hypoglycemia: 1mg (IM/IN)

Beta Blocker Overdose: 3-10mg over 3-5 minutes (Followed by infusion at 3-5mg/hr)

Question 7

Glucose (Dextrose) - Classification

Answer 7

Carbohydrate; Hypertonic Solution

Question 8

Glucose (Dextrose) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 8

Increases blood glucose levels to be used as energy by the body.

Question 9

Glucose (Dextrose) - Indications

Answer 9

Hypoglycemia

Question 10

Glucose (Dextrose) - Contraindications

Answer 10

Intracranial and intraspinal hemorrhage; Increased intracranial pressure; Delirium Tremens

Question 11

Glucose (Dextrose) - Adverse Effects

Answer 11

Hyperglycemia

Question 12

Glucose (Dextrose) - Dosage

Answer 12

Various Concentrations (Commonly 25g)

ALS D10: 250mL of 10% Dextrose Solution (25g) IV
ALS D50: 50mL of 50% Dextrose Solution (25g) IV
BLS Oral Glucose: 15g-25g PO

Question 13

Ketorolac (Toradol) - Classification

Answer 13

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

Question 14

Ketorolac (Toradol) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 14

Prevents the synthesis of Prostaglandins by inhibiting at least two Cyclo-Oxygenase Enzymes. (Exact mechanism of action of NSAIDs is unknown)

Question 15

Ketorolac (Toradol) - Indications

Answer 15

Moderate to severe pain (Musculoskeletal injury; Migraine; Nontraumatic abdominal / flank / back pain)

Question 16

Ketorolac (Toradol) - Contraindications

Answer 16

Allergies to NSAIDs; Renal Failure; Active bleeding; Peptic Ulcer Disease; Acute Myocardial Infarction; Patients greater than 65 years of age

Question 17

Ketorolac (Toradol) - Adverse Effects

Answer 17

Nausea; Vomiting; Constipation; Hypertension

Question 18

Ketorolac (Toradol) - Dosage

Answer 18

Adult: 15mg (IV/IO) or 30mg (IM)
Pediatric: 0.5mg/kg (IM/IV/IO)

Question 19

Ondansetron (Zofran) - Classification

Answer 19

Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist (Antiemetic)

Question 20

Ondansetron (Zofran) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 20

Blocks the Serotonin receptors in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ) of the Medulla Oblongata; Decreases communication with the vomiting center of the Medulla Oblongata

Question 21

Ondansetron (Zofran) - Indications

Answer 21

Nausea and vomiting of persons over 12 years of age

Question 22

Ondansetron (Zofran) - Contraindications

Answer 22

Hypersensitivity

Question 23

Ondansetron (Zofran) - Adverse Effects

Answer 23

Drowsiness; Hypotension; Serotonin Syndrome; May cause prolonged QT intervals

Question 24

Ondansetron (Zofran) - Dosage

Answer 24

4mg (Slow IVP/IM/IO/PO)