riots in early 1950s Flashcards
1948 elections when and who were involved
When: 1948
Who were involved:
- British (those who made up the majority of the
Legislative Council)
- Locals (Chinese, Malays, Indians, Others)
- Singapore Progressive Party that contested in the election
- Independent candidates
1948 elections what happened
What happened: (outcome of the election) - 22 member Legislative Council - 3 SPP, 3 independent candidates (6 seats that were open to local people)
1948 elections why it happened
Why it happened:
- When the British returned to Singapore after the Japanese Occupation, they realised that the locals were yearning for independence.
- They wanted to incorporate more locals into the governing body so that the locals would start to have an experience running their country which will then pave the way to them gaining internal self-government in 1959
1948 elections impact/consequences
impact/consequences:
Voice opinions and problems of the locals
Maria Hertogh Riots when and who
When: late 1950 (11 December 1950) Who were involved: - Che Aminah (lady who took care of her) - Maria - Adeline Hertogh (birth mother) - British - Malay community
Maria Hertogh Riots (what happened)
What happened:
Maria left in the custody of Che Aminah when her birth father was imprisoned during JO
- In 1950, Adeline tried to claim the daughter back. Court ruled in favour of her. Che
Aminah appealed.
- Sensationalisation of the news (issue between Islam and Christianity)
- Court ruling rejected Che Aminah’s appeal for custody.
- Riot
Maria Hertogh riots why it happened
Why it happened:
The Malay community saw the British court ruling as favouring the European/Eurasian community. (rejected the marriage of Mariato Mansoor Adabi)
Maria Hertogh riots impact/consequences
impact/consequences:
- The Malay community felt alienated/sidelined as they saw the Britishas favouring the Europeans/Eurasians
- Attack on the Europeans and the Eurasians (due to theoversensationalisation of the issue).
Rendel commission who and when
When: 1954 (commission formed in July 1953, report submitted in 1954, Rendel Constitution introduced in 1955)
Who were involved:
- British government
-Sir George Rendel (high-ranking British official)
-Rendel commission (involved local
Rendel commission what
What happened:
– Recommended limited self-government
- There would now be a council of ministers headed by the Governor, comprising the Chief Minister and 5 other local ministers and 3 British ministers. Legislative Council be renamed as Legislative Assembly- 6 local ministers were given control overeducation, health, housing and trade and industry.
- 3 British members are given control over law, finance, external affairs,external defence and internal security
Rendel commission why
Why it happened:
- Wanted to allow more local people to participate actively in the government
Rendel commission impacts and consequences
Why it happened:
- Wanted to allow more local people to participate actively in the government
Anti-ns riots when who
When: 1954
Who were involved:
- British government
- Chinese educated secondary school students
Anti-ns riots what
What happened:
- 1953: National Service Ordinance was passed where all males between the ages of 18and 20 had to register for NS by May 1954
- 13 May 1954: 500 students led a protest march. Turned violent and 26 were injured
- British closed down all Chinese-medium schools -> 22 May, students lock themselves in Chung Cheng High School protest -> British Government postponed the registration for NS
Anti-ns riots why
Why it happened:
- War already disrupted their education. NSwould only disrupt their education again
- Students felt that they were discriminated against by the British as they favoured english medium schools
- The students did not want to defend a government that did not give them anything in return
