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Z-Anatomy 4 > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

alar plate → will become___________ 


A

interneurons

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2
Q

basal plate → will become _____________

A

lower motor neurons

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3
Q

posterior spinal cord= motor or sensory

A

senory

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4
Q

-anterior spinal cord= motor or senrory

A

motor

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5
Q

neural crest cells form the ___________________

A

dorsal root ganglia

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6
Q

SPinal Cord
-cord runs to____

A

L1/L2

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7
Q

-lumbar puncture is done below ________

A

L1/L2 (don’t want to puncture the spinal cord)

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8
Q
  • subarachnoid space
  • filled with CSF
A

-arachnoid matter

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9
Q

lumbar puncture is sued to rule out what

A

meningitis

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10
Q

-conus medullaris

A

= terminal portion of the spinal cord

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11
Q

fibrous extension of the pia mater anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

A

filum terminale =

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12
Q

= delicate shelves of pia mater; attach the spinal cord to
the vertebrae

A

denticulate ligaments

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13
Q

continuous in 4th ventricle

A

central canal=

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14
Q

___ spinal nerves attach to the cord by _______________–

A

31
paired roots

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15
Q

cervical and lumbar enlargements = sites where nerves_______ the upper and lower limbs emerge


A

serving

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16
Q

collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal

A

cauda equina

17
Q

Signs of Cauda Equina Syndrome

A

-low back pain
-unilateral or bilateral radiculopathy
- saddle [perineal] paresthesia or anesthesia
- bowel and bladder disturbances [habit changes]
begin with urinary retention followed by overflow urinary incontinence
Lower extremity motor weakness
Reduced reflexes

18
Q

anterior median fissure separates ____________

A

anterior funiculi

19
Q
  • posterior median sulcus divides ______________-
A

posterior funiculi

20
Q

connects masses of gray matter; encloses central canal

A

Gray commisure

21
Q

-posterior [dorsal] horns=

A

interneurons

22
Q

anterior [ventral] horns=

A

interneurons and somatic lower motor neurons

23
Q

lateral horns [T1-L2 spinal cord only]= contain

A

sympathetic nerve cell bodies

24
Q

4 Zone of Gray Matter

A
  1. Somatic Sensory
  2. Visceral Sensory
  3. Visceral Motor
  4. Somatic Motor
25
Q
  • fibers run in 3 directions ([x-, y-, z- axes]
  • divided into three funiculi [columns]= posterior, lateral, and anterior
  • athways decussate/corss
A

Spinal Cord White Matter

26
Q

somatotopy

A
  • precise spatial relationships = orderly mapping of the body
  • lower extremities = medial positions
  • upper extremities are lateral
27
Q

flaccid paralysis =

spastic=

A

flaccid=lower

spastic=upper

28
Q

paresthesia [neuropraxia]

A

tingling, prickling, numbness on the skin surface

29
Q

= posturing indicates damage to the corticospinal

tract; better prognosis than decerebrate

A

decorticate

30
Q

Causes of decorticate

A
  • cerebral infarction [stroke]
  • intracranial hemorrhage

-1o or 2o brain tumor

  • head injury
  • increased intracranial pressure

-damage to cerebral hemispheres, internal capsule, thalamus, midbrain

31
Q

damage to brain or cerebellum; very severs- elbows extended and hands flexed and pronated

A

-decerebrate=

32
Q

causes of -decerebrate=

A
  • brainstem tumor
  • brainstem damage below the levels of the red nucleus; midbrain
  • pontine stroke
  • brain herniation
33
Q

destruction of the anterior horn motor neurons by the poliovirus

A

Poliomyelitis

34
Q

nonparalytic/preparalytic:

A
  •  generalized, non-throbbing headache
  •  fever of 38-40oC
  •  sore throat
  •  anorexia
    •  nausea/vomiting
  •  muscle aches
35
Q

paralytic

A

severe muscle pain and spasms

 asymmetric weakness, lower limbs affected more than upper limbs

  •  flaccid muscle tone
  •  absent reflexes
  •  paresthesia

 cranial nerve, spinal cord, and brain involvement also possible

36
Q

= most common degenerative disease of the motor neuron system

  • incurable
  • destruction of anterior horn motor neurons and fibers of the pyramidal tract
  • can’t speak, swallow, breath
A

ALS

37
Q

UMN Lessions

A
  1. spastic paralysis
  2. hyperactive reflexes
  3. [+] pathological reflexes
    1. [+] clonus
38
Q

LMN Lessions

A
  1. flaccid paralysis
  2. hypoactive reflexes / areflexia
  3. [+] atrophy
  4. 4.[+] fasciculations

Z-Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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