organic chemistry lesson 1

Question 1

what elements do these compounds usually have?

Answer 1

• All organic compounds will contain carbon and MOST

will contain hydrogen, some will contain an O, N, Cl or F

Question 2

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

• Hydrocarbons refer to the molecules containing

ONLY C & H

Question 3

name the ways to represent a hydrocarbon formula

Answer 3

1) Full structural
2) Condensed structural
3) Molecular
4) Line (every end point & vertex represent a carbon)

Question 4

name the types of hydrocarbons (only name)

Answer 4

• Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cycloalkanes, Cycloalkenes, Cycloalkynes, Amines, Amides, Carboxylic acids, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Esters

Question 5

Alkanes

Answer 5

straight chained single bonded carbons

Question 6

Alkenes

Answer 6

straight chain with one or more double

bonded carbons

Question 7

Alkynes

Answer 7

straight chain with one or more triple

bonds

Question 8

Cycloalkanes

Answer 8

circular chain with single bonded

carbons

Question 9

Cycloalkenes

Answer 9

circular chain with one or more

double bonds

Question 10

Cycloalkynes

Answer 10

circular chain with one or more triple

bonds

Question 11

Amines

Answer 11

have NH2 group

Question 12

Amides

Answer 12

have CONH2 group

Question 13

Carboxylic acids

Answer 13

have COOHgroup

Question 14

Alcohols

Answer 14

have OH group

Question 15

Aldehydes

Answer 15

have C=O at the end of a hydrocarbon

chain

Question 16

Ketones

Answer 16

have C=O in the middle of the hydrocarbon chain

Question 17

Esters

Answer 17

have O joining two hydrocarbon chains

Question 18

rules for naming organic molecules

Answer 18

• # of carbon atoms present = prefix (beginning)

* Type of organic molecule = suffix (ending)

Question 19

suffix Alkanes:

Answer 19

ane

Question 20

suffix Alkynes:

Answer 20

yne

Question 21

suffix Ketone:

Answer 21

one

Question 22

suffix Aldehydes:

Answer 22

al

Question 23

suffix Alkenes:

Answer 23

ene

Question 24

suffix Carboxylic acids:

Answer 24

oic acid

Question 25

suffix Alcohols:

Answer 25

ol

Question 26

suffix Amides:

Answer 26

amide

Question 27

name the prefixes in order:

Answer 27

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Question 28

ALKYL GROUP

Answer 28

an alkane which has lost one H

Question 29

rule for naming alkyl groups

Answer 29

an alkyl group is named by changing the “ane”

ending of the original hydrocarbon “yl”