Diabetes

Question 1

What can long term use of metformin cause?

Answer 1

• Vitamin B-12 deficiency

- Taste disturbances

Question 2

What are the side effects of Metformin?

Answer 2

• nausea
• anorexia
• diarrhoea

Question 3

How does metformin work?

Answer 3

It is a sensitiser that assists available insulin to enable glucose passage into muscle cells, it also prevents the release of glucose from the liver following glycogenesis/glucogenesis

Question 4

What kind of drug is Metformin?

Answer 4

Biguanide

Question 5

What type of drugs are gliclazide and glibenclamide?

Answer 5

Sulphonylureas

Question 6

How do Sulphonylureas work?

Answer 6

Stimulate insulin secretion within the Beta cells and reduce insulin resistance to a small extent

Question 7

What are the differences between Gliclazide and Glibenclamide?

Answer 7

Gliclazide - short acting, hepatically cleared

Glibenclamide - long acting, renally cleared

Question 8

Which is the most commonly used Sulphonylurea?

Answer 8

Gliclazide

Question 9

What are the side effects of Sulphonylureas?

Answer 9

• weight gain
• hypoglycaemia
• beta cell exhaustion

Question 10

How do Thiazolidinediones work?

Answer 10

Increase tissue sensitivity to insulin and decrease glucose production by the liver

Question 11

Give an example of an alpha glucose inhibitor?

Answer 11

Acarbose

Question 12

How does Acarbose work?

Answer 12

Prevents glucose uptake from the digestive system